Analysis of personal factors influencing spatial planning of entrepre-neurship in the villages of Masal County

International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development

مقاله 3، دوره 11، شماره 2، شهریور 2021، صفحه 225-234   

نوع مقاله: Research Article

نویسندگان

Fathollah Kesharz Shal¹؛ Teymour Amar^{* 2}؛ Bahman Ramazani²

¹Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Rural Planning, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

²Department of Geography, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

چکیده

Designing and developing a proper plan for entrepreneurship in rural areas have turned into an imperative task, which can be defined considering the capabilities, culture, and local norms in each region. The statistical population of the present research, which aimed to design and present a proper paradigm for planning by formulating entrepreneurship indices tailored with local attributes and their climatic conditions, was composed of rural users in Masal County in Guilan province, Iran. The main research instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was achieved by collecting the opinions of experts and scholars through the Delphi method and whose reliability was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha to be 0.66-0.83 for different sections. The participants were 486 individuals including rural entrepreneurs, Dehyars, Islamic Rural Council members. The exploratory factor analysis was employed to reduce the research variables to fewer factors and determine the contribution of each factor in rural planning. Based on the results, the personal factors influencing entrepreneurship planning included 14 variables. After the varimax rotation of the driving factors, they were classified into four indices of pragmatism, ambiguity tolerance, creativity and ideation, and achievement motivation. From the participants’ viewpoint on the personal factors, the indices of risk-taking, ambiguity tolerance, creation and ideation, and achievement motivation were the first to fourth important factors influencing entrepreneurship planning, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها

spatial planning؛ rural development؛ entrepreneurship؛ Masal County

مراجع

Abarghani, S., Keshvari, A. R., Ahmadvand, M., & Eghbali, H. (2019). Investigating and developing factors affecting the engineering value of the phase of construction of urban gardens (Case Study Of Iranian Gardener In Tehran). Revista Gestão & Tecnologia, 64-76.‏

Acs, Z. J., & Virgill, N. (2010). Entrepreneurship in developing countries. In Handbook of entrepreneurship research (pp. 485-515). Springer, New York, NY.‏

Acs, Z., Szerb, L., & Autio, E. (2017). The global entrepreneurship index. In Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2016 (pp. 19-38). Springer, Cham.‏

Arasti, Z., Zandi, F., & Bahmani, N. (2014). Business failure factors in Iranian SMEs: Do successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs have different viewpoints?. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 4(1), 1-14.‏

Bakhetia, P. O. O. N. A. M., & Dhillon, B. S. (2017). Problems and constraints faced by rural women for entrepreneurship development in Amritsar district of Punjab, India. International Journal of Applied Home Science, 4(1&2), 43-50.‏‏

Chang, Y. Y., & Chen, M. H. (2020). Creative entrepreneurs’ creativity, opportunity recognition, and career success: Is resource availability a double-edged sword?. European Management Journal, 38(5), 750-762.‏

Chimhowu, A. O., Hulme, D., & Munro, L. T. (2019). The ‘New’national development planning and global development goals: Processes and partnerships. World Development, 120, 76-89.

Chitakornkijsil, P. (2009). SMES, entrepreneurship and development strategies. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 1(4).‏

De Silva, M., & Wright, M. (2019). Entrepreneurial co‐creation: societal impact through open innovation. R&D Management, 49(3), 318-342.

Dias, C. S., Rodrigues, R. G., & Ferreira, J. J. (2019). What's new in the research on agricultural entrepreneurship?. Journal of rural studies, 65, 99-115.‏

Esmaeili, M. R., Kaffash, M. H., Mohamadian, M., & Taghva, M. R. (2017). The classification of factors affecting demand for cultural products in the domestic market. Ad Alta: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 7(1).‏

Farashah, A. D. (2013). The process of impact of entrepreneurship education and training on entrepreneurship perception and intention: Study of educational system of Iran. Education+ Training, 55(8-9), 868-885.

Farashah, A. D. (2013). The process of impact of entrepreneurship education and training on entrepreneurship perception and intention: Study of educational system of Iran. Education+ Training, 55(8-9), 868-885.‏

Farsi, J. Y., Imanipour, N., & Salamzadeh, A. (2012). Entrepreneurial university conceptualization: case of developing countries. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 4(2), 193-204.‏

Fereidouni, H. G., Masron, T. A., Nikbin, D., & Amiri, R. E. (2010). Consequences of external environment on entrepreneurial motivation in Iran. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 15(2).‏

Fischer, B. B., Queiroz, S., & Vonortas, N. S. (2018). On the location of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship in developing countries: lessons from São Paulo, Brazil. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 30(5-6), 612-638.‏

Gielnik, M. M., & Frese, M. (2013). Entrepreneurship and poverty reduction: Applying IO psychology to microbusiness and entrepreneurship in developing countries.‏

Guerrero, M., Liñán, F., & Cáceres-Carrasco, F. R. (2020). The influence of ecosystems on the entrepreneurship process: a comparison across developed and developing economies. Small Business Economics, 1-27.‏

Irfan, M., Putra, S. J., Alam, C. N., Subiyakto, A., & Wahana, A. (2018). Readiness factors for information system strategic planning among universities in developing countries: A systematic review. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 978(1: 012046). IOP Publishing.‏

Jansson, J. (2011). Emerging (internet) industry and agglomeration: Internet entrepreneurs coping with uncertainty. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 23(7-8), 499-521.‏

Khoshmaram, M., Shiri, N., Shinnar, R. S., & Savari, M. (2020). Environmental support and entrepreneurial behavior among Iranian farmers: the mediating roles of social and human capital. Journal of Small Business Management, 58(5), 1064-1088.‏

Lee, S.Y., Florida, R. & Acs, Z. (2004). Creativity and Entrepreneurship:  A Regional Analysis of New library of congress. Cataloging in publication data, 4. 1-3.

Minni. Maria, Le Vesque. Moren (2008) Recent Developments in the Economics of Entrepreneurship, Journal of Business Venturing, No23, pp.

Morozova, I. A., Popkova, E. G., & Litvinova, T. N. (2019). Sustainable development of global entrepreneurship: infrastructure and perspectives. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(2), 589-597.‏

Moteie Langarudi, S.H. (2001). Approaches to accomplishing social justice and sustainable development. Journal of the Faculty of Literatures & Humanities, 157(0), 279-292. (In Persian with an English Abstract)

Ndofirepi, T. M., Rambe, P., & Dzansi, D. Y. (2018). The relationship among technological creativity, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions of selected South African university of technology students. Acta Commercii, 18(1), 1-14.‏

Pradhan, R. P., Arvin, M. B., Nair, M., & Bennett, S. E. (2020). The dynamics among entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic growth in the Eurozone countries. Journal of Policy Modeling, 42(5), 1106-1122.‏

Rigotti, L., Ryan, M., & Vaithianathan, R. (2003). Tolerance of ambiguity and entrepreneurial innovation. Duke University Manuscript, 20.‏

Sadeghloo, T., Qeidari, H. S., Salehi, M., & Jalali, A. F. (2018). Obstacles and methods of financing for the development of local entrepreneurship in Iran. International Journal of Development Issues.‏

Shaver. Kelly G. (2010) Chapter 10: Why? A ribu ons about and by Entrepreneu, Understanding the Entrepreneurial Mind, Springer Science+ Business Media.

Yulastri, A., & Hidayat, H. (2017). Developing an Entrepreneurship Module by Using Product-Based Learning Approach in Vocational Education. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 12(5), 1097-1109.‏

Zamora-Polo, F., Sánchez-Martín, J., Corrales-Serrano, M., & Espejo-Antúnez, L. (2019). What do university students know about sustainable development goals? A realistic approach to the reception of this UN program amongst the youth population. Sustainability, 11(13), 3533.‏‏

Zhang. Yanfeng, S. Chunlin .2008. The impacts of external factors on the growth of Chinese entrepreneurial enterprises An empirical study. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(4), 689-703.

Zoomers, A., Van Noorloos, F., Otsuki, K., Steel, G., & Van Westen, G. (2017). The rush for land in an urbanizing world: From land grabbing toward developing safe, resilient, and sustainable cities and landscapes. World Development, 92, 242-252.