تحلیل پدیدارشناسانه ی تجارب زیسته اساتید و دانشجویان از آموزش مجازی در نظام آموزش عالی ایران

فصلنامه فن آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در علوم تربیتی

دوره 11، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 44، تیر 1400، صفحه 153-174   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

مینا کریمی^*

استادیار، رشته برنامه ریزی درسی، واحد خدابنده، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،خدابنده، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد کیفی و از نوع پدیدارشناسی به تحلیل تجارب زیسته دانشجویان واساتید از چالش‌های آموزش مجازی در نظام آموزش عالی ایران پرداخته است. مشارکت کنندگان پژوهش شامل 25 نفر از دانشجویان در رشته های مختلف کارشناسی و 15 نفر از اعضای هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خدابنده با گرایشهای مختلف تحصیلی بود که حداقل پنج سال سابقه ی تدریس داشتند و با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. برای جمع آوری داده ها از روش مصاحبه ی فردی نیمه ساختاریافته تا رسیدن به حد اشباع نظری استفاده شد. داده های بدست آمده با استفاده از روش کدگذاری موضوعی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت و یافته ها در قالب کدهای باز، محوری و منتخب سازماندهی شد. یافته های حاصل از تجارب زیسته دانشجویان و اساتید در 3 مضمون اصلی (مزایای استفاده از آموزش مجازی، مشکلات استفاده از آموزش مجازی و در نهایت ارائه پیشنهاداتی برای بهبود و ارتقا این آموزشها) و 6 مضمون فرعی (اقتصادی، آموزشی، بهداشتی،زمانی، فرهنگی و فناوری) شناسایی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پژوهش کیفی؛ آموزش مجازی؛ آموزش عالی؛ پدیدارشناسی؛ تجربه زیسته

مراجع

Adib Hajbagheri, M., Parvizi, S., & Salsali, M. (2007). Qualitative research methods. Tehran: Boshra. (in Persian).

Agbahi, A., Moarefzadeh, A., & Moshtaghi, S. (2012ya2013). Pedagogical barriers in the development of e-learning: The case of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Education Development Jundishapur, 3(4), 39-48. . (in Persian).

Andone, L., & Sireteanu, N-A. (2009). Strategies for technology-based learning in higher education. The FedUni Journal of Higher Education, 4(1), 31-42.

Beaudoin, M. (2016). Issues in distance education: A primer for higher education decision makers. New Directions for Higher Education, 173, 9-19.

Bazargan, A. (2010). Introduction to qualitative research methods and mixed conventional approaches in the behavioral sciences. Tehran:Didar. (in Persian).

Creswell, J. W, & Plano Clark, V. L. (2007). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. London: Sage Publications.

Darabi, S., Neyestani, M., & Babri, H. (2014). Identifying and prioritizing strategic planning components in virtual education (A qualitative study in the virtual school of Isfahan University). Media, 18, 47-56. (in Persian).

Fouladi, Mohammad (2014) Status and scope of qualitative research; Review. The quality of research in the humanities. fourth year. Second consecutive issue 8. pp. 27-46(in Persian).

Falowo, R. (2007). Factors impeding implementation ofweb-based distance learning, Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education Journal, 15 (3), 315-338.

Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 191-215). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Ghorbankhani, Mehdi and Salehi Keyvan (2016) Representation of virtual education challenges in the Iranian higher education system. Quarterly Journal of Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences. Seventh year. Second Issue. Pp. 123-148 (in Persian).

Jefferson, R. N., & Arnold, L. W. (2009). Effects of virtual education on academic culture perceived advantages and disadvantages. US-China Education Review, 6(3), 61-66.

Jalali , Rustam(2012) Sampling in qualitative research. Qualitative Research in Health Sciences. Volume 1, Number 4; pp 310 -320.

Jung. I, Choi. S, Lim. C, & Leem, J. (2002). Effects of Different Types of Interaction on Learning Achievement, Satisfaction and participation in webbased instruction, Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 39 (2), 153-162

Keller, C. H., Lindh, J., Hrastinski, S., Casanovas, I., & Fernandez, G. (2009). The impact of national culture on e-learning implementation: A comparative study of an Argentinean and a Swedish University. Educational Media International, 46(1), 67-80.

Kiyan, M. (2014). Virtual learning challenges, narrating what the virtual university is not taught. Media, 5(3), 11-22. (in Persian).

Modanloo.Y& salarian.(2012) FInvestigating the role of virtual universities in achieving higher education goals. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences.Y1.N4 (in Persian).

Maxwell, J. (2005). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. (Second Edition). London: Sage Publications.

Musingafi, M. C. C., Mapuranga, B., Chiwanza, K., & Zebron, S. (2015). Challenges for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) students: Experiences from students of the Zimbabwe Open University. Education and Practice, 6(18), 59-66.

Modanlo, Y., & Salarian, F. (2011). Examine the role of virtual universities in achieving the goals of higher education. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 1(4), 131-151. (in Persian).

Nneka Eke, H. (2011). Modeling LIS student’s intention to adopt e-learning: A case from University of Nigeria Nsukka. Nigeria: Library Philosophy and Practice.

Neuman, L. (2007). Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (Second Edition). Allyn & Bacon.

Owolabi, T. O., Oyewole, B. K., & Oke, J. O. (2013). Teacher education, information and communication technology: Prospects and challenges of e-teaching profession in Nigeria. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), 87-91.

Pourkarimi.j & Alimardani.z(2020) Factors affecting interactions in e-learning environments. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences. Eleventh year, first issue.pp25-44(in Persian).

Quacquarelli.S(2020) The impact of the coronavirus on global higher education (Matin. A, Trans) In Collection of International Reports on Higher Education .Coronavirus Crisis,Tehran.Iran: Institute for Social and Cultural Studies(Original work published 2020).

Ritchie, J., & Lewis, J. (2003). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. London: Sage Publication.

Sharifi.M, Fathabadi.J, Shokri. O, Pakdaman.Sh(2019)E-learning experience in the Iranian educational system: a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of e-learning compared to face-to-face education. Research in school and virtual learning. Seventh year, first issue pp. 9-24 (in Persian).

Sharif Khalifeh Soltani, M., Karimi Alavijeh, M., & Mazaheri, M. (2011). The study of challenges in applying information and communication technology in teaching and learning processes. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 1(3), 23-42. (in Persian).

Stodel E. J., Thompson, T. L., & MacDonald, C. J. (2006). Learners' perspectives on what is missing from online learning: Interpretations through the community of inquiry framework. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 7(3),1-24.

Stodel E. J., Thompson, T. L., & MacDonald, C. J. (2006). Learners' perspectives on what is missing from online learning: Interpretations through the community of inquiry framework. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 7(3),1-24.

Safford, K., & Stinton, J. (2016). Barriers to blended digital distance vocational learning for non-traditional students. British Journal of Educational Technology, 47(1), 135-150.

Siemens, J. (2004). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Retrived from http://www. elearnspace. org/Articles/connectivism. htm.

Shah Beigi, Farzaneh and Nazari, Samaneh (2011) Virtual Education: Advantages and Limitations. Journal of Yazd Medical Sciences Education Studies and Development Center. Volume 6. No1. 47-54(in Persian).

 Zarei, Ataollah (2010) A Study of the Perspectives of the Professors of the Faculty of Engineering of Kurdistan University on the Use of Web Technologies in Teaching and Learning. Master Thesis: Payame Noor University of Tehran (in Persian).

Zolfaghari, M., Sarmadi, M., Negarandeh, R., Zandi, B., & Ahmadi, F. (2009). Attitude of faculty members to teach nursing and midwifery Tehran University of Medical Sciences combination of e-learning system. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Life), 15, 31-39. (in Persian).

 Zamani, B. Parhizi, R., & Kaviani, H. (2014). Identify the challenges of evaluating students' academic performance in electronic courses. Journal of Education Technology, Volume 9, Number 2, 105-112.