Economic and Nutritional Values of Walnut: The Main Reason for Development of Walnut in Uzbekistan

Journal of Nuts

دوره 12، شماره 2، شهریور 2021، صفحه 103-112   

نوع مقاله: Research Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jon.2021.1917649.1101

نویسندگان

Gayrat Pardaev^* ؛ Ruziboy Normamatov

Department of Service, Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

چکیده

This work systematically addresses the chemical composition, use, production and consumption of walnuts. The protein amino acid composition, fatty acid composition and vitamin contents of walnut kernel was analyzed. It was shown that walnut oils may be used to treat inflammatory processes and ulcers of the stomach and intestines and its therapeutic effect is associated with the presence of linoleic acid. The kernel cake remaining after the extraction of the oil contains a great deal of protein with high levels of essential amino acids. A delicious, useful and nutritious halva can be prepared from kernel cake. The kernel can also be used in the confectionery industry for the production of fillings for sweets, cakes, and chocolate. The review also describes the dynamics of walnut production, in the USA, Ukraine, Turkey, Iran, China, India, Brazil, Chile and the countries of the European Union as the largest producers. It also discusses that in Uzbekistan, walnuts were historically collected on farm plots as natural walnut forests, small plantations and household plots, but now there is an increased interest in improving walnut crops using the achievements of science and technology, as well as agrotechnical methods of cultivation. Using the work of scientists at the Uzbek Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Wine making the volume of production of this valuable product will increase in near future.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Chemical composition؛ Consumption؛ Export؛ Production؛ Using؛ Walnut

مراجع

Abdallah IB, Tlili N, Martinez-Force E, Rubio AGP, Perez-Camino MC, Albouchi A, Boukhchina S (2015) Content of carotenoids, tocopherols, sterols, triterpenic and aliphatic alcohols, and volatile compounds in six walnuts (Juglans regia L.) varieties. Food Chemistry. 173, 972-978.

Aisenberg RS (1956) Research of walnut oil (Juglans regia L.) Tr. Chisinau, s.-kh. in-ta. T. 11. - S. 63-98.

Akça Y, Yuldaşulu Y, Murad E, Vahdati K (2020) Exploring of Walnut Genetic Resources in Kazakhstan and Evaluation of Promising Selections. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 7(2), 93-102.

Aslamarz A, Vahdati K, Hasani D, Rahemi M, Leslie CA (2010) Supercooling and cold hardiness in the acclimated and deacclimated buds and stems of Persian walnut cultivars and genotypes. HortScience. 45(11), 1-6.

Avanzato D, McGranahan G, Vahdati K, Botu M, Iannamico L, Van Assche J (2014) Following Walnut Footprints (Juglans regia L.). Cultivation and Culture, Folklore and History, Traditions and Uses. ISHS. Belgium. pp. 442.

Boychinov A (1970) Phytotherapy. Sofia: Medicine and Physical Culture. S. 184.

Chatrabnous N, Yazdani N, Tavallali V, Vahdati K (2018a) Preserving quality of fresh walnuts using plant extracts. LWT 91, 1-7.

Chatrabnous N, Yazdani N, Vahdati K (2018b) Determination of Nutritional Value and Oxidative Stability of Fresh Walnut. Journal of Nuts. 9(1), 11-20.

Dementyev GS (1966) Proteins of seeds of walnut (Juglans regia L.), hazel (Corylus ovellana), Siberian cedar (Pinus sibirica Mayr): Author's abstract. dis. Candidate of Biol. nauk. Kishinev. 21 p.

Derzhavina N (2000) Healing walnut─ SPB: Respeks. p. 64

Dorofeev PP (1953) Culture of nut-fruit in Moldova. Chisinau. 120 p.

Ebrahimi A, Vahdati K (2006) Improved success of Persian walnut grafting under environmentally controlled conditions. International Journal of Fruit Science. 6(4), 3-12.

Egorov ЕА, Dragavtseva IA, Lutsenko EV, Lopatina LM (2004) Intensive technologies for the cultivation of fruit crops: Monograph (scientific publication) / Krasnodar: TU Kub GTU.394 p.

Eyyubova-Kasumova M (1975) Antimicrobial activity of leaves, green pericarp of walnuts and essential oils of some plants in folk medicine: Author's abstract. Dis Cand. biol. sciences. Baku. 24 p.

Farsi M, Fatahi Moghadam MR, Zamani Z, Hassani D (2018) Effects of scion cultivar, rootstock age and hormonal treatment on minigrafting of Persian walnut. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 5(2), 185-97

Gazaryan GA (1999) Use of walnuts in folk medicine M. Medicine. 240 p.

Garbuzov GA (2005) Black walnut and other nuts-healers Peter, St. Petersburg.s128.

Gharibzahedi SMT, Mousavi SM, Hamedi M, Khodaiyan F (2014) Determination and characterization of kernel biochemical composition and functional compounds of persian walnut oil. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 51, 34-42.

Gomilevsky VI (1886) About the reproduction of walnuts or voloshsky nuts by means of grafting // Reports and works of the Odessa department of the Imperial Russian society of gardening for 1885 - Odessa. S. 62-67.

Habibiea A, Yazdania N, Koushesh Sabab M, Vahdati K (2019) Ascorbic acid incorporated with walnut green husk extract for preserving the postharvest quality of cold storage fresh walnut kernels. Scientia Horticulturae. 245, 193–199

Hassankhah A, Vahdati K, Rahemi M, Hassani D, Sarikhani Khorami S (2017) Persian Walnut Phenology: Effect of Chilling and Heat Requirements on Budbreak and Flowering Date. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 4(2), 259-271.

Ibragimov ZA (2007) Walnut (Juglans regia L.): biology, ecology, distribution and cultivation. Baku.86 p.

Jahanbani R, Ghaffari SM, Vahdati K, Salami M, Khalesi MR, Sheibani N, Moosavi-Movahedi AA (2018) Kinetics study of protein hydrolysis and inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme by peptides hydrolysate extracted from walnut. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics. 24(1), 77-85.

Jahanbani R, Ghaffari SM, Salami M, Vahdati K, Sepehri H,  Namazi Sarvestani N, Sheibani N, Moosavi-Movahedi AA (2016) Antioxidant and anticancer activities of walnut (Juglans regia L.) protein hydrolysates using different proteases. Plant Foods and Human Nutrition. 71, 402-409.

Keith SM (1986) Turchin IS Medicinal plants in endocrinology. K. Zdorov'ya. 80 p.

Korobkina (1968) In “FS Kostycheva-Vitamin value of fruits of Uzbekistan / Tr. Ill All-Union. workshop on biologically active to substances of fruits and berries — Sverdlovsk . pp. 19-25.

Ladynina EA, Morozova RS (1987) Phytotherapy. L.: Medicine. 208 p.

Mirziyoyev Sh (2017) President of the Republic of Uzbekistan., Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the establishment and organization of the activities of the Association of Producers and Exporters of Walnut, Tashkent. pp.3025

Nikitinsky Yu I (1970) Biological and ecological foundations of the economy in walnut forests. Frunze: Ilim. 210 p.

Noskov NM (1971) Walnut - the tree of life. Chemistry and Life. 11, 57-58

Ozolin GP (1990) Nut fruit in Uzbekistan. Tashkent, Mekhnat. pp. 142.

Pardaev GY, Normakhmatov R (2020) Jam from Green Walnuts is an Important Source of Iron, Iodine, Chromium, and a Number of Other Elements., International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking. 13(3), 4015-4022

Petrova NG (2000) The introduction of plants of the Juglandaceae Lindl family in the Kaliningrad region: dis. Ph.D .; N.G. Petrov / Russian State University Kant. Kaliningrad . 4(14), 38-96.

Pokrovsky AA, Samsonova MA (1981) reference book on dietetics. M . medicine.

Pokrovsky B (2005) We are treated with nuts. Gretsky, cedar and others. Moscow: Lada, ASS – Center.pp. 64

Petrovsky KS (1971) by edited Food hygiene. M: Medicine. Vol. 2, 214 p.

Preobrazhensky V (2004) Complete cleansing and treatment with walnuts. Rostov: Baro-Press.pp. 32.

Rahemi M, Yazdani F, Sedaghat S (2016) Evaluation of freezing tolerance in olive cultivars by stomatal density and freezing stress. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 3(2), 145-53.

Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking named after M. Mirzaeva., Website: meva-uzum.uz

Rohi Vishekaii Z, Soleimani A, Hasani A, Ghasemnezhad M, Rezaei K, Kalanaky S (2021) Nano-chelated nitrogen fertilizer as a new replacement for urea to improve olive oil quality. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 8(2), 191-201.

Sarikhani S, Vahdati K, Ligterink W (2021) Biochemical Properties of Superior Persian Walnut Genotypes Originated from Southwest of Iran. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 8(1), 13-24. 

Stepanchikova I (2001) Black walnut-nut against cancer. The experience of traditional medicine and naturopathic doctors. St. Petersburg: A.V.K - Timoshka.pp.160

Stepanova LP (1972) Vitamins in nut crops // Tr. IV All-Union. Seminar on biologically active substances of fruits and berries.-Michurinsk. pp. 179-182.

Strela TE  (1990) Walnut / Otv. ed. K.M.Sytnik, - Kiev: Nauk, Dumka.192 p.

Thapa R, Thapa P, Ahamad K, Vahdati K (2021) Effect of grafting methods and dates on the graft take rate of Persian Walnut in open field condition. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 8(2), 133-47.

Tsurkan I P (1979) Walnut. Chisinau: Carta moldoveniaska,  156 p.

Tuychiev MT (1959) Walnut in Central Asia. Tashkent: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. 332 p.

USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)., Tree Nuts: World Markets and Trade., Foreign Agricultural Service October 2020.

Vahdati K, Sarikhani Khorami S, Arab MM (2018) Walnut: a potential multipurpose nut crop for reclaiming deteriorated lands and environment. Acta Horticulturae 1190, 95-100.

Vahdati K, Arab MM, Sarikhani S, Sadat Hosseini M, Leslie CA, Brown PJ (2019) Advances in walnut (Juglans regia L.) breeding strategies. In: JM Al-Khayri, SM Jain and DV Johnson (eds.) Advances in plant breeding strategies, Vol 4. Nut and Beverage Crops. Springer, Switzerland.

Yuldasheva NK, Pardaev G, Ulchenko NT, Normakhmatov R, Glushenkova AI (2017) Lipids from kernels of several stone fruits., Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 53(4), 593-597

Zhilin SG (1980) The order of nut (Juglandales). Life of Plants. 5(1), 329-342.