بررسی فیتوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی اسانس و عصاره گیاه دارویی .Satureja sahendica Bornm به تنش کم‌آبی

اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی

دوره 9، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 33، خرداد 1400   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ejmp.2021.682556

نویسندگان

حمید محمدی^{* 1}؛ پریا پورمحمد²؛ سعید حضرتی²

¹دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک، کمیت وکیفیت مواد موثره اسانس مرزه سهندی، آزمایشی در شرایط گلخانه در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1398 انجام شد. سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی شامل شرایط 100 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه­ای (شاهد 100درصد)، تخلیه40 و70 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه­ای بود. پس از اسانس‌گیری با استفاده از روش تقطیر با آب، اسانس‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه GC-MS مورد تجزیه قرار گرفت. پس از تهیه عصاره متانولی، محتوای فنل کل بـا روش­ فولین-سیوکالتیو سنجیده شد. نتایج نشان داد تنش کم­آبی در هر دو سطح (40 و 70 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی) به ترتیب باعث کاهش معنی­دار 73/74 و 83/78 درصدی وزن خشک در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد اما تفاوت معنی­داری بین دو سطح تنش مشاهده نشد. تنش کم­آبی با 40 و 70 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی به ترتیب منجر به کاهش 49/18 و 87/30 درصدی محتوای کلروفیل کل، 84/13 و 35/25 درصدی محتوی آب نسبی برگ در مرزه سهندی شد. محتوای هیدروژن پراکسید، مالون دی آلدهید و پرولین تحت تاثیر شرایط تنش کم­آبی افزایش قابل توجهی پیدا کرد. محتوای فنل کل 78/25 و 44/48 درصد به­ترتیب در شرایط تنش کم­آبی 40 و 70 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی افزایش یافت. مهم­ترین ترکیب اسانس گیاه مرزه سهندی در همه تیمارها شامل تیمول، پی سیمن و گاما-ترپینن بود که تنش کم­آبی میزان این ترکیب­های اسانس را تحت تاثیر قرار داد و افزایش معنی­دار 47/11 و 65/30 درصدی در محتوای تیمول به‌ترتیب در شرایط تنش کم­آبی 40 و 70 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده مشخص شد که اعمال تنش­کم­آبی می‌تواند ویژگی­های فیزیولوژیک، کمیت و کیفیت اسانس مرزه سهندی را نیز افزایش دهد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسانس؛ تیمول؛ تنش‌های غیر زیستی؛ مرزه سهندی

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