بررسی فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی آویشن شیرازیZataria multiflora Boiss) ) در شرایط اکولوژیکی متفاوت

مجله علمی- پژوهشی اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی

دوره 13، شماره 44، اردیبهشت 1400، صفحه 58-75   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

احمد نیک زاد¹؛ شهرام شرف زاده²؛ اردلان علیزاده^{* 3}؛ بهرام امیری⁴؛ فرود بذر افشان⁴

¹دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد فیروزآباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزآباد، ایران

²دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد فیروزآباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزآباد، ایران

³استادیار، گروه گیاهان دارویی و معطر، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد استهبان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، استهبان، ایران

⁴استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد فیروزآباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزآباد، ایران

چکیده

در تحقیق حاضر، 4 اکوتیپ‌ مختلف گیاه دارویی آویشن شیرازی (استهبان، نی‌ریز، فسا و لارستان)، به منظور شناسایی برترین اکوتیپ، از لحاظ بالاترین درصد اسانس، اجزای اسانس، محتوای فنولی کل، خاصیت آنتی -اکسیدانی و ترکیبات پلی‌فنولی عصاره متانولی بررسی شد. اسانس‌گیری از تمامی توده‌ها به روش تقطیر با آب، توسط دستگاه کلونجر انجام، سپس با استفاده از گاز کروماتوگراف و گاز کروماتوگراف متصل به طیف سنج جرمی آنالیز گردید. به طور کلی 52 ترکیب در اسانس توده‌های مختلف آویشن شیرازی شناسایی شد، ترکیبات عمده تشکیل دهنده اسانس شامل: تیمول (35/54 – 41/34 %)، پاراسیمن (85/19 – 49/9 %)، گاماترپینن(70/16 – 34/7 %)، کارواکرول (34/15 – 35/5 %) بودند. تعیین فنول کل و فعالیت آنتی‌‌اکسیدانی عصاره متانولی به ترتیب، با استفاده از روش رنگ سنجی فولین سیوکالتو و مهار رادیکال آزاد 2و2 دی‌فنیل، 1 پیکریل هیدرازیل (DPPH) تعیین شد. ترکیبات پلی‌‌فنولی عصاره توده‌های مختلف، با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا (HPLC) مشخص شد. فنل کل از 66/234 تا 28/302 میلی‌گرم گالیک اسید در وزن خشک متغییر بود. مقادیر خاصیت آنتی-اکسیدانی نیز از 63/348 تا 76/453 میلی‌گرم در میلی‌لیتر اعلام شد. ترکیبات پلی‌‌فنولی غالب در عصاره‌ تمامی توده‌ها شامل: تیمول، کارواکرول، کوئرستین و رزماریک اسید بود. نتایج نشان داد که توده نی‌ریز بیشترین درصد اسانس و بالاترین درصد تیمول را دارا بود. بالاترین میزان ترکیبات فنلی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در توده لارستان مشاهده شد. ترکیب پلی‌‌فنولی غالب، تیمول و در توده فسا مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آویشن شیرازی؛ آنتی‌اکسیدان؛ اکوتیپ‌های مختلف؛ روغن فرار؛ محتوای فنولی

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