Evaluation of Urban Agriculture Training Courses Using Kirkpatrick’s Model

International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development

مقاله 6، دوره 11، شماره 4، اسفند 2021، صفحه 523-533   

نوع مقاله: Research Article

نویسندگان

Soraya Porjavid¹؛ Alireza Poursaeed^{* 2}؛ Seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi¹

¹Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

²Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.

چکیده

The aim of the present study was to evaluate urban agricultural education effectiveness based on the Kirkpatrick model in Tehran, Iran. The study participants of this research were included all citizens participated in educational and counselling centers focused on flowers and plants in district two of Tehran municipality during 2016. The study participants consisted of 160 individuals, including 80 in the case group and 80 in the control group. The case group participated in urban agriculture training courses and the control group did not receive any training courses. The result showed a significant difference between the knowledge status of citizens before and after attending educational courses (p < 0.01). Also, more than 86% of the citizens perceived the courses' effectiveness at moderate to high levels. In addition, there was a significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of reaction and behavior levels (p < 0.01). The present study found that the urban agriculture training courses for citizens exhibited considerable effectiveness in the measurement results of the three levels of the Kirkpatrick model and that overall, the course had received positive evaluations. Therefore, these training courses can be recommended to enhance the knowledge of citizens about urban agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Citizenship education؛ Kirkpatrick model؛ Tehran؛ urban agriculture

مراجع

Antonacopoulou, E. P. (2001). The paradoxical nature of the relationship between training and learning. Journal of Management Studies, 38(3), 327-350.

Baker, M. A. (2013). Should it really matter? The Agricultural Education Magazine, 85(4), 5.

Beinicke, A., & Bipp, T. (2018). Evaluating training outcomes in corporate E-learning and classroom training. Vocations and Learning, 11(3), 501-528.

Bowen, H. (2018). Investment in learning: The individual and social value of American higher education: Routledge.

Carletto, G., Ruel, M., Winters, P., Zezza, A., Union, A., Aksoy, M., . . . Ruel, M. (2015). Urban agriculture, poverty, and food security: Empirical evidence from a sample of developing countries. The Journal of Development Studies, 51(8), 945-957.

Chao, J., Luo, P., Yeh, Y., & Kao, H. (2018). The study of learning effects of mobile devices courses for Taiwanese senior citizens using the Kirkpatrick model. The International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education, 0020720918816003. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020720918816003

Dejahang, A., Mahna, N., Akhtar, N. F., & Mousavi, A. (2018). Identification, isolation and in silico characterization of fragaria vesca homologue of tempranillo gene. Bionature, 38(6), 337-346.

Desa, U. (2014). World urbanization prospects, the 2011 revision. Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat.

Drakakis-Smith, D. (2017). Economic growth and urbanization in developing areas: Routledge.

FAO. (2010). FAOSTAT database collections.  Retrieved 2010-04-22, from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations http://faostat.fao.org

FAO. (2015). FAO’s role in urban agriculture.  Retrieved 2013-04-22, from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations http://www.fao.org/urban-agriculture/en/

Farajpour, M., Ebrahimi, M., Baghizadeh, A., & Aalifar, M. (2017). Phytochemical and Yield Variation among Iranian Achillea millefolium Accessions. HortScience, 52(6), 827-830.

Guitart, D., Pickering, C., & Byrne, J. (2012). Past results and future directions in urban community gardens research. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 11(4), 364-373.

Haller, T., Crole-Rees, A., & Dumondel, M. (2013). Attitudes towards growing food in cities: the case of Lausanne, Switzerland. Journal of Socio-Economics in Agriculture, 6(1), 201-223.

Harms, A. M. R., Presley, D. R., Hettiarachchi, G. M., & Thien, S. J. (2013). Assessing the educational needs of urban gardeners and farmers on the subject of soil contamination. Journal of Extension, 51(1), 1FEA10.

Hassanabadi, M., Ebrahimi, M., Farajpoura, M., & Dejahang, A. (2019). Variation in essential oil components among Iranian Ferula assa-foetida L. accessions. Industrial Crops and Products, Accepted.

Keramati Nejad, H. (2016). The Effectiveness of Citizenship Education Courses on the Behavior of Housewives of Tehran City in Household Waste Management (Case Study: Housewives in Tehran District 18) (In Persian). Paper presented at the International Conference on Women and Life in Tehran, Tehran.

Kirkpatrick, J. D., & Kirkpatrick, W. K. (2016). Kirkpatrick's four levels of training evaluation: Association for Talent Development.

Lin, B. B., Philpott, S. M., & Jha, S. (2015). The future of urban agriculture and biodiversity-ecosystem services: Challenges and next steps. Basic and applied ecology, 16(3), 189-201.

Mawer, M. (2014). Effective teaching of physical education. London: Routledge.

McClintock, N. (2010). Why farm the city? Theorizing urban agriculture through a lens of metabolic rift. Cambridge journal of regions, Economy and Society, 3(2), 191-207.

Mkwambisi, D. D., Fraser, E. D., & Dougill, A. J. (2011). Urban agriculture and poverty reduction: Evaluating how food production in cities contributes to food security, employment and income in Malawi. Journal of International Development, 23(2), 181-203.

Modiba, N. S. (2018). Managing gender-based violence and harassment in African schools to enable performance of all genders. Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa (JGIDA), 7(2), 185-203.

Mohammad Khani, K., Mohammad Davoodi, A. H., & Hosseini, S. S. (2013). Effective Factors on Satisfaction of Learners' with Citizenship Education in Tehran Neighborhoods (In Persian). Quarterly Journal of Urban Management Studies, 5(14), 3-27.

Morgan, K. (2009). Feeding the city: The challenge of urban food planning: Taylor & Francis.

Obour, P. B., Dadzie, F. A., Kristensen, H. L., Rubæk, G. H., Kjeldsen, C., & Saba, C. K. S. (2015). Assessment of farmers’ knowledge on fertilizer usage for peri-urban vegetable production in the Sunyani Municipality, Ghana. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 103, 77-84.

Opitz, I., Specht, K., Berges, R., Siebert, R., & Piorr, A. (2016). Toward sustainability: Novelties, areas of learning and innovation in urban agriculture. Sustainability, 8(4), 356.

Poulsen, M. N., McNab, P. R., Clayton, M. L., & Neff, R. A. (2015). A systematic review of urban agriculture and food security impacts in low-income countries. Food Policy, 55, 131-146.

Pourjavid, S., Poursaeed, A., & Mirdamadi, S. M. (2020). Modeling the effectiveness of urban agriculture education courses. Urban Ecosystems, 1-6.

Tehran-Municipality. (2016). Municipality view of Tehran (district 2) (In Persian).  Tehran: Tehran Municipality.

Tornaghi, C. (2014). Critical geography of urban agriculture. Progress in Human Geography, 38(4), 551-567.

Turner, B., Henryks, J., & Pearson, D. (2011). Community gardens: sustainability, health and inclusion in the city: Taylor & Francis.

Van Tuijl, E., Hospers, G.-J., & Van Den Berg, L. (2018). Opportunities and challenges of urban agriculture for sustainable city development. European Spatial Research and Policy, 25(2), 5-22.

Wang, J. (2019). New Education Model for Developing the Application and Innovative Thinking Ability of Students Majoring in Surveying and Mapping Engineering. Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2019).

Whittinghill, L. J., & Rowe, D. B. (2012). The role of green roof technology in urban agriculture. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 27(4), 314-322.