سیاست‌گذاری بهبود وضعیت مدیریت محله در سکونتگاه‌های غیر‌رسمی

برنامه ریزی و توسعه محیط شهری

دوره 1، شماره 2، مرداد 1400، صفحه 51-66   

نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

نیما بایرام‌زاده^{* 1}؛ امین شهسوار²؛ مرتضی باغبان نوینی³

¹کارشناسی‌ارشد برنامه‌ریزی شهری، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

²کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری ـ آمایش شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

³کارشناسی‎ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‎ریزی شهری ـ بهسازی و نوسازی شهری، دانشگاه پیام‌‏نور، مرکز هشترود، هشترود، ایران.

چکیده

      هدف اصلی این پژوهش سیاست‌گذاری بهبود وضعیت مدیریت محلی با رویکرد اجتماع‌محور در سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی با رویکرد اجتماع‌محور می‌باشد. روش تحقیق حاضر توصیفی- تحلیلی و روش جمع‌آوری داده‌ها و اطلاعات به‌صورت پیمایشی می‌باشد. به‌منظور بررسی و تدوین مبانی نظری مرتبط با موضوع تحقیق، از دو روش کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی استفاده شده است.  برای تحلیل داده‌ها از مدل SWOT و QSPM استفاده‌شده است. ازآنجاکه سازوکار مناسبات درونی شورایاری باید از «دبیرمحوری» به سمت «شورایارمحوری» حرکت کند؛ شورا و شهرداری باید به یک مدل کارآمد و شفاف، با حفظ استقلال نهاد نظارتی (شورا و شورایاری) از نهاد اجرایی (شهرداری) در نوع اداره محله، با توجه به وجود سه ضلع؛ شهرداری منطقه، سرای محله و شورایاری در هر محله، برسند. ازاین‌رو، به نظر می‌رسد طرح مذکور به دلیل داشتن هدف توانمندسازی محله‎ها، بتواند در راستای توانمندسازی و ایجاد کانال ارتباطی میان سازمان‌های دولتی و محله‎ها تأثیرگذار باشد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در راستای بهبود وضعیت فعلی مدیریت محلی باید راهبرد‌های ترکیبیِ معین استفاده گردند که به ترتیب عبارتند از: برنامه‌ریزی پایین ـ بالا با ترکیب آرای جمعی، وجود پایگاه معتبر داده در راستای الزام برای مدیریت محله، افزایش مشارکت ساکنان محله با آگاه‌سازی در حوزه مدیریت و سرای محله‌ای.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مدیریت‌‌محله؛ شورایاری؛ سکونتگاه‌های‌‌غیررسمی؛ رویکرد‌‌اجتماع‌‌محور

مراجع

1. Abu Samah, A., and Aref, F., 2019, Community Development Programmes in Malaysia, Nature and Science, Vol. 7, No. 12, PP. 86-89.
2. Ahmadniya, S., Kamel Ghalibaf, A. (2017). Social participation in the central region of Tehran: A study on NGOs and city councils. Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 6(1), 145-168.
3. Aiello, A., Ardone, Rita Grazia, Scopelliti Massimiliano. (2010). Neighbourhood planning improvement: physical attributes, cognitive and affective evaluation and activities in two neighbourhoods in Rome, evaluation and program planning, vol. 33, 264-275.
4. Alaeddini, P., Pourmirghaffari, M. (2018). Tehran’s Neighborhood Management and Sub-Councils: Assessing Urban Governance in Hassan-Abad-e Zargandeh. Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 7(1), 25-52.
5. Arabani Dana, Ali, (2006), Seattle's municipal budget is determined by the people. Monthly Councils (3)
6. Arghan, Abbas, Rezaei, Behnaz (2016), Management of Informal Construction (Informal Settlements) in Tehran, Case Study (Khak-e-Sefid Neighborhood), National Conference on Urban Architecture and Sustainable Land, Mashhad, Khavaran Higher Education Institute.
7. Bailey, N., Pill, M (2010), Neighbourhood Management in Westminster, Westminster: Research report, University of Westminster, 1-58
8. Barzegar, S., heydari, T., anbarloo, A. (2019). Analysis of Informal Settlements with the approach of ‎livability ‎ Case study: Informal neighborhoods of zanjan city. Regional Planning, 9(33), 137-152.
9. Chakrabortya, Arnab, Wilson, Bev, Sarraf Saket, Jana Arnab, 2015, Open data for informal settlements: Toward a user's guide for urban managers and planners, Journal of Urban Management, 4 (2015), 74–91.
10. ChapMan, David, (2015), The Creation of Neighborhoods and Places in a Man-Made Environment, Translated by Shahrzad Faryadi and Manouchehr Tabibian, Tehran, University of Tehran Press, Third Edition
11. Dashtaki, N., Majedi, H. (2018). Assessment Effects of Neighborhood Management-based on the Trust of Citizens in Urban Management (A Comparative Study of Two Tehran Neighborhoods: Tajrish and Shahadat). Hoviatshahr, 11(4), 93-102.
12. Eftekhari, Abdolreza, Mahdavi, Davood (2006), Rural Tourism Development Strategies Using the SWOT Model, Modares, 10 (2), 1-30.
13. Fanei, Z., Saremei, F. (2014). Neighborhood Sustainable Development Approach in Tehran Metropolitan Case study: Bahar Neighborhood, Region 7. Geography and Development Iranian Journal, 11(30), 35-56.
14. Fani, Zohre. Tavakoli Nia, Jamileh; Ghorbani, Hamid; Sultanzadeh, Akbar; (2013), evaluation of neighborhood performance in order to develop local management; Case study: Evin, Tajrish and Niavaran neighborhoods, Journal of Urban Management, 13 (36), 35-46.
15. Forte, F, )2015(, The management of informal settlements for urban sustainability: experiences from the Campania Region (Italy), Department of Architecture and Industrial Design “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Second University of Naples, Italy, WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, Vol 194, 153-164.
16. Ghannad, F., Sarrafi, M. (2019). The Strategic Planning of Akhund Neighborhood in Qazvin City with Community-led Urban Regeneration Approach. Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR), 7(2), 211-238. 
17. Hadipour, Halimeh Khatoon, (2010), Empowerment of Management System with Emphasis on Central Axis and Public Participation Case Study: Sangalaj Neighborhood and West Tehran Town, PhD Thesis, University of Tehran, Tehran.
18. Hajipour, Khalil, (2006), Neighborhood Planning an Effective Approach in Creating Sustainable Urban Management, Journal of Fine Arts, 1 (26), 37-46.
19. Hutchings, J. (2015). Neighbourhood Management. Research Report. Birmingham: Birmingham City Council report, 1-53.
20. Irandoost, Kiomars. (2010). A review of the short experience of empowering informal settlements in Kermanshah. Geography and Development Iranian Journal, 8 (20), 59-78.
21. Kazemian, Gholamreza; Haghshenas Kashani, Farideh; Shadmanafar, Reza; (2010), The effect of neighborhood council model on citizens' participation in urban management, Quarterly Journal of Urban Management Studies, 2 (3), 23-37
22. Khazaei, Mostafa, Razavian, Mohammad Taghi, (2016), Neighborhood: A New Approach in Creating Sustainable Urban Management (Case Study: Qeytariyeh Neighborhood, Tehran), Zagros Vision Geography and Urban Planning Quarterly, 8 (30), 1-19.
23. Mahony, O Siobhan, )2017(, The Governance of Open Source Initiatives: What Does it Mean to be Community Managed, Journal of Management and Governance, 11: 139-150
24. Meshkini, Abolfazl, Sajjadi, Jila, Din Doost, Javad, Tafkari, Akram (2011), Organizing Informal Settlements by Empowerment Method (Case Study of Baqershahr - Babajafari Neighborhood), Journal of Geographical Research, 26 (3), 123-148.
25. Mohamadi Dost, S., Moradi Rizi, M., Khani Zadeh, M. (2018). Urban management in urban poor settlements assess the role of empowerment with emphasis on the wishes of the residents (Case Study: Isfahan Zainabiyya neighborhood). Geographical Planning of Space, 8(29), 147-166.
26. Naqdi, Assadollah, (2007), Marginalization and Informal Settlement, Hamedan, Fanavaran Publications, Fourth Edition.
27. Nourian, F., Mozaffaree Pour, N. (2013). Function Evaluation of Community Management by Focus in Indicators of Social Capital Case Study: 7 Community of District 1, Region 21 Tehran. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 18(19), 47-56.
28. Shah Hosseini, (2006). Untaught Settlement and Social Security, Geography and Development Iranian Journal, 3(6), 157-172.
29. Pinnegar, S. (2012), Neighbourhood Planning, International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 78-84.
30. Poorahmad, Ahmad; Babaei, Hamidreza; Rafi, Abu al-Fadl; (2019), Explaining the Role of Neighborhood Management on Social Sustainability in Tehran through Urban Connecting Social Capitals, Iranian Islamic City Studies Quarterly, 8 (31), 75-82
31. Rezaei, Mohammad Reza, Negin Naji, Soodeh. (2015). Investigating Effective Strategies in Creating a Sustainable Neighborhood with a Participatory Approach (Case Study: Yasuj Middle Neighborhood). Journal of Urban Research and Planning, 6 (20), 69-82.
32. Sajjadzadeh, H., izadi, M., haghi, M. (2016). Strategies to Promote the Environmental Quality of Informal Settlements Based on Participatory Approach, Case Study: Hesar in Hamedan. Journal of Environmental Studies, 42(1), 81-96.
33. Seyed Mehdi Mosavi Kazemi, Robabeh Almasi, (2019). The role of neighborhood houses in realization of urban management purposes; Case Study, Region seven of metropolitan Tehran, Urban Management, 18(54), 183-196.
34. Tavakolinia, J., Ostadi Sisi, M. (2010). An Analysis of Sustainability in Neighborhoods of Tehran Metropolis with Emphasis on the Assistant Council's Function Case Studies: Evin, Darakeh, Velenjak. Human Geography Research, 42(70), 29-43.
35. Tehran District 7 Municipality, (2012), Neighborhood Management Strategies, Stayesh Haghighat Publications, First Edition
36. Van Bibber., M (2017). It Takes A Community. A Resource Manual for Community-based Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects. Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada. 3th Version.
37. Veisi, F. (2017). Comparative Analysis of the Patterns of Informal Settlements Case study: Marivan city. Geography and Development Iranian Journal, 15(46), 207-224.
38. Wade, Robert. )2018(. "The management of common property resources: finding a cooperative solution (English)". The World Bank research observer. -- Vol. 2, no. 2 (July 1987), pp. 219-234.
39. Wates, N., )2018(, The Community Planning Event Manual; How to Use Collaborative Planning and Urban Design Events to Improve Your Environment, Publish, Earth Scan, London.
40. Zakeri, Hadi, (2012), Collection of By-Laws and Instructions for Organizing Social Participation in Tehran Neighborhoods, Third Edition, Tehran, Farhang va Tamadon Publications.