اثر میزان و تقسیط کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در ارقام کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa willd)

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

دوره 15، 3 (59) پاییز، آبان 1400، صفحه 317-340   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jcep.2021.687066

نویسندگان

مهسا منصوری¹؛ مجتبی علوی فاضل^{* 1}؛ عبدالعلی گیلانی²؛ شهرام لک¹؛ مانی مجدم¹

¹گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

²گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

بررسی اثر میزان و تقسیط کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن ارقام کینوا، طی آزمایشی در سال‌های زراعی 98-1397 و 99-1398 به‌صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل چهار مقدار کود نیتروژن (0، 100، 200 و 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و چهار روش تقسیط کود نیتروژن (50 درصد پایه +50 درصد شش برگی، 50 درصد پایه + 25 درصد شش برگی + 25 درصد اواسط گلدهی، 25 درصد پایه + 50 درصد شش برگی + 25 درصد اواسط گلدهی و 25 درصد پایه + 25 درصد شش برگی + 50 درصد اواسط گلدهی) به­عنوان فاکتورهای اصلی و سه رقم کینوا شامل رقم Gizal، Q26  و Titicaca به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد شاخص سبزینگی، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد پانیکول در واحد سطح و تعداد دانه در پانیکول تحت تاثیر مقدار کود × تقسیط × رقم قرار گرفتند. برهمکنش چهارگانه سال× میزان نیتروژن× تقسیط × رقم فقط بر ارتفاع بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، شاخص برداشت و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن معنی­دار شد. بالاترین عملکرد دانه در کلیه سطوح مختلف نیتروژن مربوط به رقم Q26 و در هر دو سال از مصرف 200 کیلوگرم نیتروژن مشاهده شد. به­ طوری­که، در سال اول تقسیط آن به­صورت 25 درصد پایه +50 درصد شش برگی + 25 درصد اواسط گلدهی(125%) و در سال دوم تقسیط به صورت 50 درصد پایه + 25 درصد شش برگی + 25 درصد اواسط گلدهی(88%) بهترین نتیجه را موجب شدند. بالاترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن ارقام Gizal (8/52) و Q26 (8/51 کیلوگرم در کیلوگرم) در سال اول از 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار و تقسیط آن به­صورت 25 درصد پایه + 50 درصد شش برگی + 25 درصد اواسط گلدهی مشاهده شد، در حالی که در سال دوم مصرف 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار موجب نتیجه بهتری شد و این امر حاکی از آن است که شرایط اقلیمی و تقسیط دارای نقش مؤثری در افزایش کارایی مصرف نیتروژن بوده است. بنابراین، می­توان با مدیریت صحیح گام مهمی در جهت افزایش میزان تولید برداشته و میزان ریسک در تولید را کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارتفاع بوته؛ تعداد دانه در پانیکول؛ رقم؛ فتوسنتز؛ کارایی مصرف نیتروژن

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