Removal of Mercury (II) in Aqueous Solution by Using ZnO and ZnO/CdS Nanoparticles as Photocatalysts

Iranian Journal of Catalysis

مقاله 7، دوره 11، شماره 4، اسفند 2021، صفحه 397-403   

نوع مقاله: Articles

نویسندگان

Fattima Al-Zahra Gabar Gassim^{* 1}؛ Ali J. J. Makkaw²؛ Noor Hadi Aysa¹

¹College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq

²Directorate of Education in Babylon, Ministry of Education, Iraq

چکیده

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and ZnO/CdS nanoparticles have been synthesized. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and  scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Photocatalytic reduction of toxic Hg (II) in aqueous solutions by suspension ZnO_NPs and ZnO/CdS_NPs has been studies under an oxygen atmosphere. Flame atomic absorption (AFM) has been used to determine the concentration of Hg (II) in aqueous solutions. Photocatalytic reduction of Hg (II) was carried out with various ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO_NPs) concentrations. The optimum concentration of ZnO NPs was obtained at 0.24 mg/L. The highest photo reduction rate was obtained at 0.24 mg/ZnO/CdS_NPs concentration. According to the experimental results, the reaction mechanism of ZnO_NPs and ZnO/CdS_NPs illumination to produce oxidizing species and the effect of these species on the Hg (II) in aqueous solution has been suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Nanocomposites؛ semicoductors؛ environmental treatments؛ ZnO nanoparticle

مراجع

[1] B. Dai, C. Chao, X. Lu, Q. Xia, J. Han, F. Mao, J. Yang, D. Sun, Preparation of Zno/CdS/BC photocatalyst hybrid fiber and research of its photocatalytic properties, Journal of Nanotechnology, 2015 (2015) 1-8.

[2] S. Naghizadeh-Alamdari, A. Habibi-Yangjeh, M. Pirhashemi, One-pot ultrasonic-assisted method for preparation of Ag/AgCl sensitized ZnO nanostructures as visible-light-driven photocatalysts, Solid state sciences, 40 (2015) 111-120.

[3] J. Zhou, S. Zhang, X. Qiao, L. Wu, ‘Controlled Growth of One-Dimensional Oxide Nanomaterials, Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem, 44 (2006) 3202.

[4] M. Seyed-Dorraji, N. Daneshvar, S. Aber, Influence of inorganic oxidants and metal ions on photocatalytic activity of prepared zinc oxide nanocrystals, Global Nest J, 11 (2009) 535-545.

[5] P. Calza, C. Minero, E. Pelizzetti, Photocatalytic transformations of chlorinated methanes in the presence of electron and hole scavengers, Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, 93 (1997) 3765-3771.

[6] J. Wang, X. Sun, Y. Yang, H. Huang, Y. Lee, O. Tan, L. Vayssieres, Hydrothermally grown oriented ZnO nanorod arrays for gas sensing applications, Nanotechnology, 17 (2006) 4995.

[7] R. Herrero, P. Lodeiro, C. Rey-Castro, T. Vilariño, M.E.S. De Vicente, Removal of inorganic mercury from aqueous solutions by biomass of the marine macroalga Cystoseira baccata, Water research, 39 (2005) 3199-3210.

[8] G. McKay, Y. Ho, The sorption of lead (II) on peat, Water Res, 33 (1999) 578-584.

[9] Y. Li, C.-Y. Wu, Role of moisture in adsorption, photocatalytic oxidation, and reemission of elemental mercury on a SiO2− TiO2 nanocomposite, Environmental science & technology, 40 (2006) 6444-6448.

[10] F.F. Al-Qaim, Photocatalytic Removal of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution by TiO 2 using solar irradiation process, National Journal of Chemistry, 34 (2009) 355-362.

[11] F.A.-Z.G. Gassim, A.N. Alkhateeb, F.H. Hussein, Photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol using pure and sensitized anatase, Desalination, 209 (2007) 342-349.

[12] C.A. Gouvêa, F. Wypych, S.G. Moraes, N. Durán, P. Peralta-Zamora, Semiconductor-assisted photodegradation of lignin, dye, and kraft effluent by Ag-doped ZnO, Chemosphere, 40 (2000) 427-432.

[13] B. Dindar, S. Içli, Unusual photoreactivity of zinc oxide irradiated by concentrated sunlight, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 140 (2001) 263-268.

[14] A. Chica, G. Gatti, B. Moden, L. Marchese, E. Iglesia, Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Organosulfur Compounds with tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide, Chemistry-A European Journal, 12 (2006) 1960-1967.

[15] S.Y. Yeo, H.J. Lee, S.H. Jeong, Preparation of nanocomposite fibers for permanent antibacterial effect, Journal of Materials Science, 38 (2003) 2143-2147.

[16] R. Spolenak, W. Ludwig, J. Buffiere, J. Michler, In situ elastic strain measurements—diffraction and spectroscopy, MRS bulletin, 35 (2010) 368-374.

[17] F. Zhang, J. Yang, Preparation of nano-ZnO and its application to the textile on antistatic finishing, International Journal of Chemistry, 1 (2009) 18.

[18] R. Hong, T. Pan, J. Qian, H. Li, Synthesis and surface modification of ZnO nanoparticles, Chemical Engineering Journal, 119 (2006) 71-81.

[19] M.L. Kahn, M. Monge, V. Collière, F. Senocq, A. Maisonnat, B. Chaudret, Size‐and shape‐control of crystalline Zinc Oxide nanoparticles: A new organometallic synthetic method, Advanced Functional Materials, 15 (2005) 458-468.

[20] Y. Wu, Y. Dai, S. Jiang, C. Ma, Y. Lin, D. Du, Y. Wu, H. Ding, Q. Zhang, N. Pan, Interfacially Al-doped ZnO nanowires: greatly enhanced near band edge emission through suppressed electron–phonon coupling and confined optical field, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 19 (2017) 9537-9544.

[21] H. Chen, L. Wang, Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis, Beilstein journal of nanotechnology, 5 (2014) 696.

[22] F. Al-Zahra, G. Gassim, R.A. AL-Anbaeki, N.Y. Fairooz, Application of the photocatalytic reaction of TiO 2 to disinfection and the killing of Escherichia coli bacteria.