مدل تحولی تفاوت‏های فردی مبتنی بر ارتباط و سبک‌های پردازش حسی در کودکان پیش‌دبستانی

روانشناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی

دوره 18، شماره 69، مهر 1400، صفحه 77-90   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سعیده طوفانی اصل¹؛ امیر امین یزدی^{* 2}؛ حسین کارشکی³

¹کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی تربیتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²استاد گروه روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

³دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف تعیین مدل تحولی تفاوت­های فردی مبتنی بر ارتباط و سبک‌ها‏ی پردازش حسی در کودکان پیش‌دبستانی. روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی و جامعة پژوهش کودکان پیش­دبستانی شهر مشهد در سال 2019 بود. تعداد 300 کودک مقطع پیش‏دبستانی به شیوة دردسترس و داوطلبانه از میان مهدکودک‏ها‏ی منطقة 10 و 11 شهر مشهد انتخاب شدند و تحول مبتنی بر تفاوت­های فردی و ارتباط و نیمرخ تیپ‌ها‏ی حسی آن­ها با دو پرسشنامة هیجان کارکردی (گرینسپن، 2007) و پروفایل پردازش حسی دان (وینی دان، 1999) ارزیابی شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد بین مدل تحولی با سبک‌ها‏ی پردازش حسی همبستگی وجود دارد و اثر سبک‌ها‏ی پردازش حسی بر تحول معنادار است و 8درصد واریانس تحول را سبک‌ها‏ی پردازش حسی تبیین می‏کند. از بین چها‏ر سبک پردازش حسی (ثبت پایین حسی، اجتنابگر حسی، حساسیت حسی و جست‏و‏جو‏گر‏حسی) سبک ثبت پایین حسی بیشترین اثر را بر تحول داشته است. این نتایج نشان داد نمرة‌ غالب حسی کودکان و مقایسة نمره‌ها‌ی چها‏ر سبک حسی و نقاط ضعف و قوت هر یک از سبک‌ها‏، پاسخ‌ها‏ی رفتاری کودکان را در موقعیت‌ها‏ی مختلف پیش­بینی‏‏ می‏کند. بر اساس یافته‌ها می‌توان نتیجه گرفت آگاهی از سبک غالب حسی به والدین در امر والدگری و به معلمان در فرایند یادگیری کودکان برای طراحی مداخله‏ها‏ی مؤثر کمک می­کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تحولی؛ تفاوت‏ها‏ی فردی؛ مدل مبتنی بر ارتباط؛ پردازش حسی

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