تاثیر نوع بستر کشت و اسید هیومیک بر برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و مصرف آب گیاه سدوم دم عقربی(Carpobrotus edulis L.) روی یک سیستم بام سبز

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

دوره 17، شماره 66، تیر 1401، صفحه 1-23   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/iper.2021.1943937.1743

نویسندگان

سیده ملیحه ربانی خیرخواه¹؛ فاطمه کاظمی^{* 2}

¹گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه باغبانی و فضای سبز ، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

چکیده

سلامت گیاهان درشرایط بام سبز آن تا حد زیادی وابسته به تامین آب مورد نیازگیاهان است. ترکیبات بستر کشت، در حفظ و در دسترس قرار گرفتن رطوبت برای گیاه موثرند و یکی از راهکارها جهت کاهش مصرف آب در بام سبز، اصلاح بستر کشت است. در این پژوهش، نیاز آبی و برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه سدوم دم عقربی (Carpobrotus edulis L.) تحت تیمارهای بستر کشت و مقدار اسید هیومیک بررسی گردید. این تحقیق درقالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار از اردیبهشت تا شهریور 1399  به صورت کشت در جعبه‌های کشت در شرایط بام سبز در شهر مشهد انجام شد. عامل اول بسترهای کشت (شامل بستر کشت حاوی خاک شامل بستر کشت 1 (خاک 20%+20% لیکا+20% پرلیت+ پوکه معدنی+20% خاکبرگ)، بستر کشت 2 (بستر کشت1+ 6% بنتونیت) و بستر کشت 3 (بستر کشت 1+ 12% وزنی بنتونیت) و بسترهای کشت بدون خاک شامل بستر کشت 4 (پوکه معدنی 27%+ 27% لیکا+ 27% پرلیت+ 20 درصد خاکبرگ)، بستر کشت 5 (بستر کشت4+ 6% بنتونیت) و بستر کشت 6 (بستر کشت 4+ 12% وزنی بنتونیت) و عامل دوم غلظت اسید هیومیک (شامل صفر ، 100 و 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بود و اسید هیومیک هر 15 روز به صورت کود آبیاری به گیاهان داده شد. نتایج نشان داد بسترهای حاوی خاک به طور قابل‌توجهی نسبت به بسترهای بدون خاک بهتر عمل کردند. بالاترین میزان پوشش‌دهی گیاهان و طول و حجم ریشه در بستر کشت 3 (حاوی خاک و 12% وزنی بنتونیت) رویت شد. بالاترین محتوی آب برگ و کلروفیل و کمترین کمبود اشباع نسبی، مقادیر کارتنوئید، فنول و کربوهیدرات برگ در بستر کشت 3 (حاوی خاک و 12% وزنی بنتونیت) مشاهده شد. تیمار 200 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسید هیومیک با بهترین عملکرد رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان همراه بود. تیمار خاک 20%+20% لیکا+20% پرلیت+ پوکه معدنی+20% + 12% وزنی بنتونیت همراه با 200 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسید هیومیک، گیاهانی با مصرف بهینه آب حاصل آورد. وجود خاک و سوپرجاذب معدنی بنتونیت در بستر کشت بام سبز از نظر نگه داشت رطوبت اهمیت ویژه داشته و البته تغذیه تکمیلی گیاهان در بام سبز نیز موجب بهبود عملکرد گیاهان در بام سبز می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نتونیت؛ پوشش‌دهی گیاه؛ کارایی مصرف آب؛ سیستم بام سبز؛ نیاز آبی

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