تأثیر تنش خشکی و سلنیوم بر برخی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژی گیاه بالنگوی شهری (Lallemantia iberica L.)

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

دوره 16، شماره 64، دی 1400، صفحه 55-74   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/iper.2022.688791

نویسندگان

معصومه عامریان^* ؛ علی رضا زبرجدی؛ جوانه السادات محرابی

گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

سلنیوم یک عنصر غذایی مهم برای حیوانات و انسان است که در بسیاری از گونه‌های گیاهی نیز نقش مؤثری دارد. نقش مثبت سلنیوم در کاهش اثر تنش‌های محیطی مختلف بر گیاهان مورد تأیید قرار گرفته است. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر سلنیوم بر برخی شاخص‌های رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی بالنگوی شهری (Lallemantia iberica L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی می‌باشد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه اجرا گردید. فاکتور اول شامل سطوح مختلف رطوبت (آبیاری کامل، 25، 50 و 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و فاکتور دوم شامل غلظت‌های مختلف سلنیوم (صفر، 5 و 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سلنات‌سدیم) بود. محلول‌پاشی برگی سلنات‌سدیم طی دو مرحله انجام شد. سلنیوم برخلاف تنش خشکی، وزن خشک ساقه و برگ، طول گل‌آذین و میزان نسبی آب برگ را افزایش داد. در شرایط تنش خشکی، سلنیوم موجب افزایش ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد شاخه، وزن تر ساقه، تعداد برگ و وزن تر برگ شد. سلنیوم عملکرد بیولوژیکی، وزن خشک گل‌آذین، تعداد گل، وزن بذر در هر بوته، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد بذر را افزایش داد. سلنیوم بر هدایت روزنه‌ای، فلورسانس کلروفیل برگ و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز تأثیر مثبت داشت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد با محلول‌پاشی برگی سلنات‌سدیم می‌توان بر تنش خشکی غلبه کرده و از کاهش عملکرد بذر جلوگیری به‌عمل آورد. درنتیجه محلول‌پاشی 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سلنات‌سدیم برای کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در کشت گلخانه‌ای گیاه بالنگوی شهری قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سلنات‌سدیم؛ عملکرد بذر؛ فلورسانس کلروفیل برگ و هدایت روزنه‌ای

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