متابولیسم فروکتان در گیاه گندم تحت تنشهای غیر زنده

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

دوره 17، شماره 65، فروردین 1401، صفحه 145-162   

نوع مقاله: مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/iper.2022.688794

نویسنده

مهدی جودی^*

دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، مشگین شهر، ایران.

چکیده

تجمع فروکتان‌ها در اندامهای مختلف گندم از راهکارهای فیزیولوژیکی مهم جهت مقابله با تنش های مختلف محیطی می‌باشد. فروکتان‌ها اولیگومر یا پلی­مرهای مولکول­های فروکتوز منشاء گرفته از ساکاروز بوده و بسته به نوع پیوند، انواعی مختلفی از فروکتان در گیاهان مختلف شناسایی شده است. فروکتان تجمع یافته در گندم از نوع لوان (دارای پیوندهای (2-6)β) و گرامینان یا لوان مخلوط (دارای پیوندهای (1-6)β و (2-6)β) می باشد. سه آنزیم 1-SST، 6-SFT و 1-FFT در ساخت فروکتان گندم دخیل هستند. با توجه به اینکه مسیرهای ساخت فروکتان در گندم متنوع است، لذا ارقام مختلف گندم از نظر مقدار و ترکیب فروکتان با یکدیگر فرق می کنند. تجزیه فروکتان در گندم توسط آنزیمهای 1-FEH و 6-FEH انجام می شود که به ترتیب باعث شکستن پیوندهای (1-6)β و (2-6)β بین مولکولهای فروکتوز در فروکتان می شوند. ارقام مقاوم گندم به تنشهای آخر فصل رشد (خشکی و گرما) مقادیر بالایی از فروکتان را در ساقه تجمع داده و با کارایی بالایی از آنها استفاده می کنند. فروکتان‌ها از طریق پایداری غشا، تنظیم اسمزی و تداوم فتوسنتزی مقاومت به تنش شوری را در گندم افزایش می دهد. همچنین گیاهچه های گندم در طی مقاوم سازی به سرما قندهای محلول و فروکتان را در برگها و طوقه خود تجمع می دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش خشکی؛ تنش سرما؛ تنش شوری؛ گندم؛ متابولیسم فروکتان

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