تاثیر پیش تیمار اسمزی بذور کرفس بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه تحت تنش شوری

تحقیقات بذر

دوره 11، شماره 38 - شماره پیاپی 1، خرداد 1400، صفحه 69-83   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jsr.2022.1939549.1219

نویسندگان

شهناز فتحی¹؛ اعظم سیدی^{* 2}

¹استادیار دانشگاه ارومیه - مرکزآموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب- گروه گیاهان دارویی

²گروه علوم باغبانی-دانشکده کشاورزی-دانشگاه جیرفت-جیرفت-ایران

چکیده

: شوری یکی از اصلی‌ترین تنش‌های غیر‌زیستی است که رشد و تولید گیاهان را از طریق تغییر در تعادل یونی و اسمزی محدود می‌کند. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر پیش‌تیمار اسمزی بذور کرفس بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی کرفس تحت تنش شوری به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور پیش‌تیمار اسمزی شامل، نیترات پتاسیم، کلریدپتاسیم‌، کلرید کلسیم و سولفات کلسیم یک درصد و شاهد (بدون پیش تیمار) و فاکتور شوری در چهار سطح شامل غلظت-های صفر، 50، 100 و 150 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم در نظر گرفته شد. در پایان آزمایش، برخی از شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی مانند: سرعت و درصد جوانه‌زنی بذر، طول ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌‌چه، وزن خشک ریشه و ساقه‌‌چه، ضریب کوتوسکی، شاخص تحمل شوری، ضریب آلومتری و شاخص بنیه بذر اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد در شرایط بدون تنش، پیش تیمار اسمزی تأثیر مثبتی روی صفات درصد و سرعت جوانه زنی نداشت. با افزایش تنش شوری شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت به طوریکه هیچگونه جوانه‌زنی در تیمار 150 میلی‌مولار شوری مشاهده نشد. تاثیر مثبت پیش‌تیمارهای اسمزی روی شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر کاملا مشهود و معنی‌دار بود. در شرایط بدون تنش تیمار کلرید کلسیم شاخص مهم مقاومت به شوری را صد درصد و در تنش 50 میلی مولار صدو پنجاه درصد افزایش داد ولی در شوری 100 میلی‌مولار نیترات پتاسیم تاثیر بهتری نسبت به سایر تیمارها بر شاخص مقاومت به شوری داشت و آن پنجاه درصد را نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. در بین تمام شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی همبستگی معنی داری وجود داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

چتریان؛ سرعت جوانه‌زنی؛ شاخص بنیه بذر؛ مقاومت به شوری؛ کلرید کلسیم

مراجع

Abbasi, Bidli M. and A. Abdali Mashhadi. 2017. Effect of priming on germination characteristics and growth of the Vigna radiata (Shushtar ecotype) seeding under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Research. 4(1): 75-88.

Acosta-Motos J. R., M. F. Ortuño, A. Bernal-Vicente, P. Diaz-Vivancos, M. J. Sanchez-Blanco and J.A. Hernandez. 2017.  Plant sesponses to salt stress: Adaptive Mechanisms. Agronomy. 7(1): 18-57.

 Adams E. and R. Shin. 2014. Transport, signaling, and homeostasis of potassium and sodium in plants. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 56: 231-249

Adnan M., H. Abd-ur-Rahman, M. Asif, M. Hussain, H. Muhammad Bilal, M. Adnan, F. Ur-Rehman S. Ahmad and M. Khalid. 2020. Seed priming; an effective way to improve plant growth. EC Agriculture. 1-5

Afzal, I., S. M. A.Basra, R. Ahmad, and A. Igbal. 2002. Effect of different seed vigor enhancement techniques on hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). Pakestan Journal Agricultural Science. 39: 109-112.

Ali, R.M., H.M. Abbas, and R.K. Kamal. 2007. The effects of treatment with polyaminesondry matter, oil and flavonoid contents in salinity stressed chamomile and sweet marjoram. Plant, Soil and Environment. 53: 529–543.

Ashraf, M. and R. Humera. 2001. Inducing salt tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) through seed priming with chloride salts: Growth and ion transport at early growth stages. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 23(4): 407-414.

Bonilla, I., A. El-Hamdaoui, and L.  Bolanos. 2004. Boron and calcium increase Pisum sativum seed germination and seedling development under salt stress. Plant and Soil. 267: 97–107.

Brar, A.S., P.K. Sraw and B. S. Dhillon 2020. Impact of paddy straw mulch on germination and growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.) seedlings and associated weeds in nursery. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops. 29 (2): 148-152.

Brooks S., D. Athinuwat, P. Na Chiangmai. 2020. Enhancing germination and seedling vigor of upland rice seed under salinity and water stresses by osmopriming. Science and Technology Asia. 25 (2): 63-74

Chen X., R. Zhang, Y. Xing, B. Jiang, B. Li, X. Xu and Y. Zhou. 2021. The efficacy of different seed priming agents for promoting sorghum germination under salt stress. Plos One. 16(1): e0245505.

Ebrahimi, M., K. Akbari, K. Abasi, and B. Samadi Firoozabadi. 2012. Effect of sowing date on seed yield and its components of canola cultivars in Varamin region in Iran. Seed and Plant Journal. 28 (1): 69-80.

Ewelina A. Klupczyńska and Tomasz A. Pawłowski.2021.  Regulation of Seed Dormancy and Germination Mechanisms in a Changing Environment. International Journal of Molecular Science. 22(3):1357.

Fallah-Shamsi, S.R., M. Pirdashti, A.Ebadi, M. Esfahani, and M. Raeini. 2017. Effect of drought stress at reproductive stage on seed germination characteristics of local and improved rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes. Iranian Seed Research. 4(1): 75-87. [In Persian with English Summary].

Fazlali R, D.E Asli and P. Moradi. 2013. The effect of seed priming by ascorbic acid on bioactive compounds of naked seed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca) under salinity stress. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 2: 587-90.

García-Legaz, M.F., López-Gómez E., Mataix Beneyto J., Torrecillas A. and Sánchez-Blanco M.J. 2005. Effects of salinity and rootstock on growth, water relations, nutrition and gas exchange of loquat. Journal of Horticultural Science Biotechnology. 80: 199-203.

Gattward, J.N., A.A. Almeida, J.O. Souza, F.P. Gomes and H.J. Kronzucker. 2012. Sodium-potassium synergism in Theobroma cacao: Stimulation of photosynthesis, water use efficiency and mineral nutrition. Physiology Plant. 146: 350-362.

Ghanbari, M., A. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, K. Mansour Ghanaei-Pashaki and S.Karamniya. 2020. Germination Characteristics and Enzyme Activity of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) in Response to Methyl Jasmonate and Salinity Treatments. Iranian Journal of Seed Research. 7(1): 83-97.

Ghanbari, M., A. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, P. Talebi-Siah Saran and H. Pirani. 2019. Effect of deterioration on germination and enzymes activity in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), under salinity stress condition. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 12 (2): 585-594. [In Persian with English Summary].

Ghars, M.A., A. Debez and C. Abdelly. 2009. Interaction between salinity and original habitat during germination of the annual seashore halophyte Cakile Maritima. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 40: 3170-3180.

Hirschi, K.D. 2004. The calcium conundrum. Both versatile nutrient and specific signal. Plant Physiology. 136: 2438–2442.

Ibrahim, E.A. 2016. Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds. Journal of Plant Physiology. 192: 38-46

Kaya, M., M. Atak, K.M. Khawar, C.Y. Çiftçi and S. Ozcan. 2007. Effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with zinc and foliar spray of humic acids on yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 7: 875-878.

Jamil, M., Lee, D.B., Jung, K.Y., Ashraf, M., Lee, S.H. and Rha, E.S. 2006. Effect of salt (NaCl) stress on germination and early seedling growth of four vegetables species. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 7(2): 273-282.

Koocheki, A. and G. Sarmadnia. 2007. Physiology of crop plants (translate). Mashhad University Jihad Publication. Thirteenth Printing. 400 p. [In Persian].

Kooti, W, S. Ali-Akbari, M. Asadi-Samani, H. Ghadery and D. Ashtary Larky. 2014. A review on medicinal plant of Apium graveolens. Advanced Herbal Medicine. 1: 48-59.

Kooti, W. and N. Daraei. 2017. A review of the antioxidant activity of celery (Apium graveolens L.). Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 22(4): 1029-1034.

Kotowski, F. 1962. Temperature relations to germination of vegetable seeds. Proceedings of American Society of Horticultural Science. 23: 176-177.

Kronzucker, H.J. and D.T. Britto. 2011. Sodium transport in plant: a critical review. The New Phytologist. 189: 54–81.

Mirmazloum, I., Kiss A., Erdélyi E., Ladányi M., Zámboriné Németh E. and Radácsi P. 2020. The effect of osmopriming on seed germination and early seedling characteristics of Carum carvi L. Agriculture. 10-494:1-10.

Moaaz A., Javed M., J., Mauro R. P., Shabbir R., Afzal I. and. Yousef A.F. 2020. Effect of seed priming with potassium nitrate on the performance of tomato. Agriculture. 10-498:1-10.

Motamednezhad M., Eslami S. V., Sayyari M. H. and Mahmoodi S. 2016. The effect of enrichment with bio-fertilizers and three nutrients of iron, zinc and manganese on germination characteristics of ajowan (Carum copticum L.). Journal of Horticultural Science, 29 (4): 564-571. [In Persian with English summary].

Manuela O. D S., Claudinéia R. P., Leo A.J. W., Renato D. D. C., Henk W.M. H and Wilco L. 2016. Effect of osmopriming on germination and initial growth of Physalis angulata L. under salt stress and on expression of associated genes, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 1-14.

Malekzade, S., Fallah S., and Azari A. 2017. The role of zinc sulfate and potassium nitrate on seed germination parameters improvement of black cumin (Nigella sativa) medicinal plant. Plant Production Technology. 16(2): 139-151.

 Matias, J. R., Torres S. B., Leal C. C. P., Leite M. S. and Carvalho S. M. C. 2018. Hydropriming as inducer of salinity tolerance in sunflower seeds. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental. 22 (4): 255-260.

Miceli, A., Moncada A. and D’Anna F. 2003. Effect of water salinity on seeds germination of Ocimum basilicum L., Eruca sativa L. and Petroselinum hortense Hoffm. Acta Horticulturae. 609: 365–370.

Mirmazloum I., Kiss A., Erdélyi É., Ladányi M., Zámboriné Németh É. and Radácsi P. 2020. The effect of osmopriming on seed germination and early seedling characteristics of Carum carvi L. Agriculture. 10 (94): 1-11.

Mokhtarian Najafabadi F. and Gholami M. 2013. Investigation of the effect of different seed priming treatments on black seed variability under salinity stress condition. 8th Iranian Horticultural Science Congress. Bu-Ali Sina University. Hamedan. pp. 2936- 2932.

Nayyar, H. 2003. Calcium as environmental sensor in plants. Current Science. 84: 7–10

Oliveira C. E. S., Steiner F., Zuffo A. M., Alves T. Z. C. Z. and Aguiar V. C. B. 2019. Seed priming improves the germination and growth rate of melon seedlings under saline stress. Crop production. 49 (7): 1-11.

Paparella, S., Araújo S.S., Rossi G., Wijayasinghe M., Carbonera D. and Balestrazzi A. 2015. Seed priming: State of the art and new perspectives. Plant Cell Reports. 34: 1281–1293.

Saber, Z., Pirdashti H. and Heidarzade A. 2012. Osmopriming and hydropriming effects on seed and seedling parameter of two rape seed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars.  International Journal of Agriculture: Research and Review. 2 (5): 547-554.

Saeedi Goraghani H. R., Ranjbar Fordoei A., Soleimani Sardo M. and Mahdavi M. J. 2017. Effect of salinity and drought stresses on germination stage and growth of black cumin (Bunium Persicum Boiss). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 45 (15): 1-7.

Shamsaddin S., Farahbakhsh M. and Maghsoodi Mude H. 2007. Effects of salt stress on germination, vegetative growth and some of physiological characteristics of canola. Journal of Water and Soil Science. 11(41): 191-203.

Sharma A.D., Thakur M., Rana M. and Singh K. 2004. Effect of plant growth hormones and abiotic stresses on germination, growth and phosphates activities in Sorghum bicolor L. Moench seeds. African Journal of Biotechnology. 3: 308-312.

Sopha V. T., Savage E., Anacle A. O. and Beyl C. A. 1991. Vertical differences of wheat and triticale to water stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 167: 23-28.

Tang, D., Dean W.L., Borchman D., and Paterson C.A. 2006. The influence of membrane lipid structure on plasma membrane Ca⁺²ATPase activity. Cell Calcium Journal. 39: 209–216.

Tavili, A., Ghanbari N., and Yazdanshenas H. 2015. The effect of drought and salinity stress on seed germination characteristic and seedling growth of Salsola crassa under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Research, 2: 15-25. [In Persian with English Summary].

Tobe, K., Zhang L., Qui G.Y., Shimizu H., Omasa K. 2001. Characteristics of seed germination in five non-halophytic Chinese desert shrub species. Journal of Arid Environment. 47: 191–201.

Vazirimehra, M., Ganjali, Khashayar R., Rigi H. and Keshtehgar A. 2014. Effect of seed priming on quantitative traits corn. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental. Sciences 4(2): 134-140.

Villar-Salvador P., Puértolas J., Cuesta B., Peñuelas-Rubira J., Uscola M., Heredia-Guerrero N., Rey-Benayas. 2012. Increase in size and nitrogen concentration enhances seedling survival in mediterranean plantations J.M. Insights from an ecophysiological conceptual model of plant survival. Biology New Forests. 43: 755-770.

Wagdi Saber S., Abdel-Haleem A. H. El-Sh. 2014. Effect of saline water on germination and early growth stage of five Apiaceae species. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 9(7): 713-719

Yang L., Liu B., Lu y., Lu F., Wu X., You W. and Hung B. 2019. Bioavilability of cadmium to celery (Apium graveolence) grown in acidic and Cd-contaminated greenhouse soil as affected by application of hydroxyapatite with different particle sizes. Chemosphere, 240: 341-347.

Yousefi AR., Rashidi S., Moradi and Mastinu A. 2020. Germination and Seedling Growth Responses of Zygophyllum fabago, Salsola kali L. and Atriplex canescens to PEG-Induced Drought Stress, Environments, 7(12), 107.

Zehra, A., Gul B., Ansari R. and Khan A. 2012. Role of calcium in alleviating effect of salinity on germination of Phragmites karka seeds. South African Journal of Botany. 78: 122-128.

Zhang, L.X. and Li S.X. 2007. Effects of application of N and K on nitrogen metabolism of two genotype varieties of maize under water-stressed condition. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science.13: 554-560.

Zhang, L.X, Li S.X., Liangab Z.S and Li S.Q. 2009. Effect of foliar nitrogen application on nitrogen metabolism, water status, and plant growth in two maize cultivars under short-term moderate stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 32: 1-21.

Zhang, L.X., Ruan Z., Tian L., Lai J., Zheng P., Liang Z. and Alva A.K. 2014. Foliar-applied urea modulates nitric oxide synthesis metabolism and glycinebetaine accumulation in drought-stressed maize. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 46: 1159-1164