بررسی برخی صفات رشدی ریشه و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدان‌های آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی ارقام مختلف گندم دوروم (Triticum turgidum var. durum) تحت تاثیر کود فسفر و قارچ مایکوریزا در شرایط دیم

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

دوره 17، شماره 68، دی 1401، صفحه 1-23   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/iper.2022.690239

نویسندگان

هوشنگ ناصری راد^{* 1}؛ رحیم ناصری²

¹بخش کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی3697-19395 تهران، ایران

²گروه تکنولوژی تولیدات گیاهی، آموزشکده فنی مهندسی و کشاورزی دهلران، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر قارچ مایکوریزا و کود فسفر بر برخی ویژگی­های رشدی ریشه و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی گندم دوروم در شرایط دیم، آزمایشی مزرعه­ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه­ی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله در سال زراعی 98-1397 انجام شد. چهار رقم گندم دوروم (دهدشت، ذهاب، ساورز و ساجی) به عنوان فاکتور اول و پنج سطح منبع کودی (عدم مصرف کود، 25 و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر، قارچ مایکوریزا (GM) و ترکیب قارچ مایکوریزا +25 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی فسفر) به‌عنوان فاکتور دوم در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثرات ساده نشان داد که در بین ارقام، رقم­های ذهاب و ساجی و در بین منابع کودی، تیمار ترکیبی مایکوریزا + 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود فسفر و پس از آن 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار فسفر بیشترین تاثیر را در بهبود صفات مورد مطالعه داشتند. اثر متقابل رقم و منابع کودی مشخص نمود که استفاده تلفیقی از کود فسفر و قارچ مایکوریزا نتایج بهتری در مقایسه با کاربرد آنها به تنهایی دارد. به طوریکه بیشترین وزن‌تر و خشک، تراکم طول و محتوی آب ریشه و فعالیت آسکوربات پراکسیداز، پراکسیداز، کاتالاز، سوپراکسیددسموتاز و گلوتاتیون سنتتاز از تیمار تلفیقی مایکوریزا و کود فسفر و در اقام ذهاب و ساجی حاصل شد. اگرچه، کمترین طول مخصوص ریشه، فعالیت مالون دی‌آلدئید و پراکسید هیدروژن در همین تیمار و ارقام به دست آمد. به‌طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح با قارچ مایکوریزا در شرایط دیم به ویژه در ارقام ذهاب و ساجی علاوه بر کاهش مقدار کاربرد کود شیمیایی فسفره می­تواند از طریق بهبود ویژگی­های رشدی ریشه و به دنبال آن افزایش فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدان­های آنزیمی و غیرآنزیمی باعث کاهش پراکسیداسیون لیپیدهای غشاء (کاهش تولید مالون دی آلدئید و پراکسید هیدروژن) و در نتیجه افزایش تحمل به تنش خشکی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تراکم طول ریشه؛ محتوی آب ریشه؛ مالون دی آلدئید؛ سوپراکسیددسموتاز؛ گلوتاتیون سنتتاز

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