بهبود شاخص سطح برگ و غلظت کلروفیل (SPAD) سویا با محلول‌‌پاشی نانو کلات آهن، روی و منگنز در شرایط آبیاری محدود

فصلنامه بیولوژی کاربردی

دوره 11، شماره 44، دی 1400، صفحه 91-108   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

محمد سعید وقار^*

استادیار، گروه زراعت، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: در فرآیند تغذیه گیاه عناصر ضروری باید به اندازه کافی در دسترس گیاه باشند تا با حفظ تعادل عناصر غذایی، عملکرد افزایش یابد. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بهبود شاخص سطح برگ و غلظت کلروفیل توسط محلول‌‌پاشی نانوکلات آهن، روی و منگنز در جهت افزایش عملکرد سویا در شرایط آبیاری محدود انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌‌ها: آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال (۱۳۹۴و ۱۳۹۵) انجام شد. تیمارها شامل: رژیم آبیاری (آبیاری کامل، قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، غلاف‌‌دهی و ابتدای دوره پرشدن دانه) و محلول‌‌پاشی (آب مقطر (شاهد)، آهن، روی، منگنز، آهن + روی، آهن + منگنز، روی + منگنز و آهن + روی + منگنز) بود.
نتایج: تنش خشکی شاخص سطح برگ را به طور معنی‌‌داری کاهش داد. بیشترین کاهش از برهمکنش تیمار شاهد و قطع آبیاری در مرحله غلاف‌دهی بدست آمد که نسبت به تیمار آبیاری کامل، 5/31 درصد کاهش داشت. محلول‌‌پاشی روی + منگنز در تعدیل تنش خشکی موفق‌تر بود و شاخص سطح برگ را نسبت به شاهد 4/49 درصد افزایش داد. قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، غلظت کلروفیل را 2/11 درصد و در مرحله غلاف‌دهی 5/16درصد به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش داد. با کاربرد نانوکلات آهن + روی غلظت کلروفیل برگ در مرحله غلاف‌دهی و پرشدن دانه 8/3۸ و 1/39 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت و به عنوان بهترین تیمار شناخته شد.
نتیجه‌‌گیری: در شرایط آبیاری محدود تغذیه برگی نانوکلات آهن، روی و منگنز راهکاری مناسب و سازگار با بحران آب است و می‌‌تواند با تعدیل تنش خشکی و بهبود شاخص سطح برگ و غلظت کلروفیل، عملکرد دانه سویا را بهبود دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش خشکی؛ سویا؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ ریزمغذی‌ها؛ غلظت کلروفیل برگ؛ آبیاری محدود

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