بررسی و مقایسه ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس عصاره‌ سه گونه از گیاه دارویی Benth. Phlomis olivieri ، Phlomis persica Boiss. و Phlomis herba-venti جمع‌آوری شده از شمال غرب ایران

اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی

دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 37، خرداد 1401، صفحه 47-62   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ejmp.2022.1721279.1368

نویسندگان

محمد فتاحی^{* 1}؛ زهرا نجاری²

¹دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، تهران

²دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، تهران

چکیده

گونه_‌های مختلف گوش_‌بره (Phlomis sp.) به‌دلیل داشتن ترکیبات ترپنوییدی و فلاونوئیدی ضدالتهاب و آنتی اکسیدان در اسانس حائز اهمیت می‌باشند. در این مطالعه اندامهای  هوایی گلدار سه گونه از گوش‌برهolivieri Benth.  Phlomis،Phlomis persica Boiss. و Phlomis herba-venti در خرداد ماه 1396 از رویشگاه‌های طبیعی واقع در آذرشهر (1671 متری)، ارومیه (1598 متر) و تویسرکان (354 متری) جمع‌آوری گردید . ترکیبات اسانس و برخی خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی عصاره‌ ها  مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. اسانس_‌گیری به روش تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) و آنالیز اسانس توسط دستگاه GC و GC-MS صورت پذیرفت. عصاره_‌گیری با استفاده از دستگاه التراسونیک انجام و شاخص_‌های فیتوشیمیایی بر‌_‌اساس محتوای فنل کل (روش فولین سیکاتیو)، فلاونوئید کل (روش آلومینیوم کلراید) و فعالیت آنتی_‌اکسیدانی (DPPH^[1]) ارزیابی شدند. تعداد  38 ترکیب در اسانس سه گونه‌ گیاه شناسایی شد که ترکیبات اصلی گونهolivieri  Ph. شامل دی‌اکتیل‌فتالات (71/69 درصد)، گاما-المن (93/7 درصد) و ژرماکرون-دی (44/7 درصد) بودند و دیگر ترکیبات: نپتالاکتون (24/45 درصد)، بیس (2-اتیل هگزیل) فتالات (72/32 درصد) و ژرماکرون-دی (59/5 درصد) اجزای اصلی اسانس گونه‌ Ph. herba-venti، معرفی شدند. همچنین در اسانس گونه
Ph. persica، دی‌اکتیل‌فتالات (74/49 درصد)، آلفا-مورولن (18/16 درصد) و هگزا‌هیدرو‌فارنسیل‌استون (82/7 درصد) عمده‌ترین ترکیبات را شامل شدند. مقایسه ترکیبات شناسایی شده در اسانس سه گونه‌ نشان‌دهنده درصد بالاتر ترکیب‌ دی‌اکتیل‌فتالات در Ph. olivieri (71/69 درصد)، نسبت به دو گونه دیگر بود. بالاترین میزان فنل کل (34/136 میلی‌گرم گالیک‌اسید بر گرم وزن خشک)، فلاونوئید کل (29/49 میلی‌گرم کوئرسیتین بر وزن خشک) و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (68/48 درصد) مربوط به گونه Ph. Persica بود.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنتی‌اکسیدان؛ اسانس؛ دی‌اکتیل‌فتالات؛ شمال غرب؛ فنل؛ فلاونوئید؛ گوش‌بره

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