مستندسازی علمی و بررسی اتنوبوتانیکی گیاهان دارویی منطقه مانه و سملقان خراسان شمالی

اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی

دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 37، خرداد 1401، صفحه 63-98   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ejmp.2022.1946949.1668

نویسندگان

پویا آروین^{* 1}؛ رعنا فیروزه²

¹استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

²دکتری،گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اتنوبوتانی یا قوم گیاه‌شناسی، دانشی مبنی بر مستندسازی اطلاعات غیرمکتوب سنتی به‌منظور بهره‌برداری بهینه از منابع و حفاظت مؤثر از تنوع زیستی و اطلاعات فرهنگی می‌باشد. با توجه به تنوع پوشش گیاهی و تجربیات کهن استفاده های دارویی آن در استان خراسان شمالی، در سال 1399 مطالعه‌ای جهت اتنوبوتانی گیاهان دارویی منطقه مانه و سملقان انجام گرفت. اطلاعات مربوط به جنبه­های مختلف گیاهان از قبیل خواص دارویی و مصارف سنتی، نحوه استفاده و زمان جمع­آوری نمونه‌های گیاهی از افراد بومی منطقه، با تهیه پرسشنامه و در قالب مصاحبه حضوری و مشاهده مشارکتی گردآوری شد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد، از تعداد 106 گونه گیاه دارویی، 18 گونه به تیره نعنائیان (Lamiaceae) تعلق داشته و پس ‌از آن تیره‌های آفتابگردان (Asteraceae) با 17 گونه و تیره چتریان (Apiaceae) با 12 گونه در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار گرفتند. گونه دارویی‌ شیرین‌بیان[1] با 385 گزارش جهت رفع مشکلات گوارشی و تنفسی، گیاه کاسنی[2] با 366 گزارش به منظور درمان بیماری­های گوارشی و پوستی و گیاه پنیرک[3] با 358 گزارش با هدف درمان بیماری­های عمومی و تنفسی به‌ترتیب بالاترین میزان شاخص گزارش استفاده (UR[4]) را نشان دادند. همچنین گیاه‌ شیرین‌بیان با 98/0، کاسنی با 95/0 و آویشن با 93/0 به‌ترتیب بیشترین میزان شاخص فراوانی نسبی ثبت (RFC[5]) را نیز به خود اختصاص دادند. ازنظر فرم زیستی 48 گونه همی کریپتوفیت، 21 گونه فانروفیت، 17 گونه تروفیت، 12 گونه کامفیت و 8 گونه ژئوفیت در منطقه شناسایی شد. یافته­های این تحقیق نشان می­دهد که اطلاعات اتنوبوتانیکی مردم این منطقه می­تواند زمینه مناسبی برای شناسایی اثرات درمانی جدید گیاهان، استفاده بهتر از گیاهان دارویی و فرآورده­های آن­ها را فراهم آورد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

اتنوبوتانی؛ گزارش استفاده (UR)؛ شاخص فراوانی نسبی ثبت (RFC)؛ شاخص اجماع مطلعین (ICF)؛ خراسان شمالی

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