ارزیابی و تحلیل ریسک آسیب پذیری اقتصادی و اجتماعی سکونتگاه های روستایی در برابر زلزله (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای بخش مرکزی شهرستان اردبیل)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی

دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 55، شهریور 1401، صفحه 145-162   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی کاربردی

نویسنده

کیومرث خداپناه^*

استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پهنه ایران به دلیل قرار گیری روی کمربند زلزله همواره در معرض خطر وقوع زلزله بوده است. شکل گیری گسل های بزرگ و وجود میدان های تنش فعال، ایران را مستعد وقوع زلزله ها کرده است. تحقیق حاضر، با توجه به ماهیت مسئله و موضوع مورد بررسی از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و هدف آن ارزیابی و تحلیل آسیب پذیری سکونتگاه های روستایی بخش مرکزی اردبیل در برابر زلزله می باشد، جامعه آماری پژوهش 34 روستای بخش مرکزی است که دارای 28272 نفر جمعیت و 8151 خانوار می باشد. حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران، 356 نفر برآورد گردید. جهت ارزیابی آسیب پذیری روستاهای مورد مطالعه از دو شاخص و 14 نماگر بر اساس مطالعات سایر محققین بهره گرفته شد. روایی صوری پرسشنامه توسط متخصصین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و پایایی کل آن بر اساس آلفای کرونباخ 87/0 برآورد گردید، نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که از نظر سطح آسیب پذیری لرزه ای با استفاده از مدل Topsis ، بیش از 73 درصد روستاها با ریسک آسیب پذیری اقتصادی و اجتماعی بالا و بسیار بالا در برابر خطر زلزله قرار دارند. محاسبه آسیب پذیری کلی روستاها در منطقه مورد مطالعه نشان می دهد که 41 درصد روستاها آسیب پذیری متوسط و 59 درصد آسیب پذیری بالا و بسیار بالا قرار دارند. ارزیابی آسیب پذیری سکونتگاه های روستایی منطقه، بیانگر آسیب پذیری بالا و خیلی بالا در روستاهای محدوده مورد مطالعه بوده و این تهدیدی جدی برای افزایش خطر در منطقه می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آسیب پذیری اقتصادی و اجتماعی؛ سکونتگاه های روستایی؛ زلزله؛ Topsis؛ اردبیل

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