تحلیل مکانی پراکنده رویی شهری و اثرات آن بر برابری دسترسی به بیمارستان ها در کلانشهر تهران

مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی

مقاله 1، دوره 17، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 58، خرداد 1401، صفحه 1-17   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

طاهره قائمی راد¹؛ عباس علیمحمدی^{* 2}

¹دانشجوی دکتری سیستم های اطلاعات مکانی، دانشکده ژئوماتیک، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران

²استاد گروه سیستم های اطلاعات مکانی، دانشکده ژئوماتیک، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

رشد شهرنشینی به خصوص در کشورهای در حال توسعه منجر به ایجاد پراکنده رویی شهری شده است. پراکنده رویی شهری در تهران منجر به ایجاد چالش های متعددی در تحقق توسعه پایدار گردیده است. در این پژوهش، پراکنده رویی شهری در زون های ترافیکی (TAZ) شهر تهران در یک دوره بیست ساله (2020-2001) با استفاده از شاخص گسترش وزندار شهری (WUP ) به صورت مکانی بررسی شده است. سپس، کمترین فاصله دسترسی هر TAZ تا مراکز بیمارستانی با استفاده از تحلیل شبکه محاسبه و رابطه میان پراکنده رویی و دسترسی بررسی شده است. نهایتا، منحنی لورنز و ضریب جینی جهت تعیین میزان برابری شهروندان در دسترسی به بیمارستان ها محاسبه شده اند. نتایج نشان می دهند که پراکنده رویی طی دو دهه گذشته در تهران کاهش قابل توجهی داشته است. لذا به دلیل رابطه مستقیم میان پراکندگی و فاصله دسترسی، بیشترین فاصله تا نزدیکترین بیمارستان ها نیز حدود 3 کیلومتر کاهش یافته است. با این وجود، ضریب جینی دسترسی به بیمارستان ها در سال 2020 افزایش 10% را نشان می دهد. به طوریکه در سال 2001، %90 از فرصت های بیمارستانی در میان %29 از شهروندان توزیع شده بود که این میزان در سال 2020 به %7 رسیده است. نتایج نشان می دهند کاهش پراکنده رویی شهری می تواند منجر به ارتقاء استانداردها و کاهش نابرابری دسترسی به سرویس ها شود. با این وجود، کاهش نابرابری در دسترسی علاوه بر کاهش پراکنده رویی شهری به توجه ویژه به متغیرهای اجتماعی-اقتصادی و مدیریت صحیح شهر نیز بستگی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پراکنده رویی شهری؛ شاخص گسترش وزندار شهری (WUP)؛ دسترسی؛ کلانشهر تهران

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