Evaluation Effective Traits on Crop Production of Breed Wheat under Warm and Dry Climate Condition (Khuzestan Province, Southwest of Iran)

Journal of Crop Nutrition Science

دوره 7، شماره 3، آذر 2021، صفحه 46-58   

نویسندگان

Azam Jafari^{* 1}؛ Abdolamir Rahnama²؛ Shapor Lorzadeh³

¹Expert of Jahad Agricultural Organization, Bavi, Khuzestan, Iran.

²Associate Professor of Seed and Plant Improvement Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran.

³Associate professor, Department of Weed Science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.

چکیده

BACKGROUND: Knowing about seed yield and its components plays an important role for being successful in evaluative programs. For optimization of crop production, sowing at the appropriate time to fit the cultivar maturity length and growing season is critical.
OBJECTIVES: Current study was done to assess the effect of different planting date and density on seed yield, its components and harvest index of breed Wheat.
METHODS: This research was carried out via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments included four planting dates (November 6^th and 21^st, December 6^th and 21^st) and different density (300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 seed per square meter).
RESULT: According result of analysis of variance effect of planting date, density and interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits (instead number of seed per spikelet) was significant. Delay in planting caused the number of spikes per m², number of seeds per spike, 1000-seed weight and seed yield from 493.3 spikes, 46.2 seeds, 32.2 grams and 6964 kg.ha^-1 on the planting date of 30 November to 493.3 spikes, 40 seeds, 28.5 grams, 4831.6 kg.ha^-1 should be reduced on 30 December. Assessment mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments indicated maximum seed yield (7298.7 kg.ha^-1) was noted for 6 Nov. and 500 plant per m² and lowest one (4235.2 kg.ha^-1) belonged to 6 Dec. and 700 plant per m² treatment.
CONCLUSION: Generally based on result of current research planting date in domain sixth until twenty-first of November with density of 500 plants per m² had the highest crop production and it can advise to farmers under studied region.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Biomass؛ Phenology؛ Seed؛ Spike؛ Yield

مراجع

Andarzian, B., G. Hoogenboom, M. Bannayan, M. Shirali. and B. Andarzian. 2015. Determining optimum sowing date of wheat using CSM-CERES-Wheat model. J. Saudi Soci. Agri. Sci. 14(2): 189-199.

Atrod, Z. 2018. Evaluation effective factor on wheat yield under warm and dry climate condition. PhD. Thesis. Dep. Agron. Panwan Univ. pp. 154.

Ayeneh, A., M. Van-Ginkel, M. P. Reynolds. and K. Ammar. 2002. Comparison of leaf, spike, peduncle and canopy temperature depression in wheat under heat stress. Field Crops Res. 79: 173-184.

Caglar, O., S. Bulut, M. M. Karaoglu, H. G. Kotancýlar. and A. Ozturk. 2011. Quality response of facultative wheat to winter sowing, freezing and spring sowing at different seeding rates. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 10: 3368-3374.

Caterina, G. L., R. E. Will, D. J. Turton, D. S. Wilson. and C. B. Zou. 2013. Water use of Juniperus virginiana trees encroached into mesic prairies in Oklahoma, USA. Eco-Hydrology. 7: 1124-1134.

Chattaraj, S., D. Chakraborty, V. K. Sehgal, R. K. Paul, S. D. Singh, A. Daripa. and H. Pathak. 2014. Predicting the impact of climate change on water requirement of wheat in the semi-arid Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Agri. Eco-Sys. Environ. 197: 174–183.

Cox, W. J. and D. J. R. Cherny. 2001. Row spacing, plant density and Nitrogen effects on corn silage. Agron. J. 93: 597-602.

Dai, X., L. Xiao, D. Jia, H. Kong, Y. Wang, C. Li, Y. Zhang. and M. He. 2014. Increased plant density of winter wheat can enhance nitrogen–uptake from deep soil. Plant and Soil. 384: 141–152.

Gardner, F. P., R. B. Pearce. and R. L. Mitchell. 1985. Physiology of crop plants. Ames, IA: Iowa State Univ. Press. USA. 121 pp.

Ghazvineh, S., A. Valadabadi, A. Abdolahi, S. Seyfzadeh. and H. Zakerin. 2020. Response of Durum Wheat genotypes to different planting dates and plant densities under dryland conditions. J. Crop Eco-Physiology. 14(55(3)): 401-422.

Gibson, L.R. and G. M. Paulsen. 1999. Yield components of wheat grown under high temperature stress during reproductive growth. Crop Sci. 39: 1841-1846.

Hakamada, R., R. M. Hubbard, S. Ferraz, J. L. Stape. and C. Lemos, C. 2017. Biomass production and potential water stress increase with planting density in four highly productive clonal Eucalyptus genotypes. Southern Forests. 79: 251-257.

Hamidi, A. and A. Dabagh Mohammadinasab. 1995. Effects of plant density on nitrogen agronomic used efficiency in two hybrids of corn. J. Agri. Sci. Iran. 10(4): 43-58.

Hiltbrunner, J., B. Streit. and M. Liedgens. 2007. Are seeding densities an opportunity to increase grain yield of winter wheat in a living mulch of white clover? Field Crops Res. 102: 163–171.

Honda, A., N. A. L. Pilon. and G. Durigan. 2019. The relationship between plant density and survival to water stress in seedlings of a legume tree. Acta Botanica Brasilica. 33: 602-606.

HuiJuan, Q., L. JinCai, S. XueShan, W. Feng Zhen, W. ChengYu. and Z. ShengJun. 2009. Effects of plant density and seeding date on accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen in winter wheat cultivar Lankao Aizao 8. Acta Agronomica Sinica. 35: 124-131.

Irfaq, M., T. Muhammad, M. Amin. and A. Jabbar. 2005. Performance of yield and other agronomic characters on four wheat cultivars under natural heat stress. Inter J. Bot. 1: 124-127.

Jin, X., S. Liua, F. Baret, M. Hemerlé. and A. Comar. 2017. Estimates of plant density of wheat crops at emergence from very low altitude UAV imagery Xiuliang. Remote Sensing of Environment. 198: 105-114.

Kalateh Arabi, M., F. Sheikh, H. Soqi. and J. Hivehchie. 2011. Effects of sowing date on grain yield and its components of two Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in Gorgan in Iran. Seed and Plant Prod. J. 27(3): 285-296. (Abstract in English)

Li, Y., Z. Cui, Y. Ni, M. Zheng, D. Yang, M. Jin, J. Chen, Z. Wang. and Y. Yin. 2016. Plant density effect on grain number and weight of two winter wheat cultivars at different spikelet and grain positions. PLOS One 11, e0155351.

Lloveras, J., J. Manent, J. Viudas, A. Lopez. and P. Santiveri. 2004. Seeding rate influence on yield and its components of irrigated winter wheat in Mediterranean. Agron. J. 96: 1258-1265.

Mendham, N. J. and P. A. Salisbury. 1995. Physiology, crop development, growth and yield of Brassica oilseeds. CAB International. pp: 11-64.

Mian, M. A., A. Mahmood, M. Ihsan. and N. M. Cheema. 2007. Response of different wheat cultivars to post anthesis temperature stress. J. Agri. Res. 45: 269-277.

Modhej, A, A. Naderi, Y. Emam, A. Aynehband. and Gh. Normohamadi. 2008. Effects of post-anthesis heat stress and nitrogen levels on yield in wheat (T. durum and T. aestivum) cultivars. Intl. J. Plant Prod. 2: 254-267.

Ozturk, A., O. Caglar. and S. Bulut. 2006. Growth and yield response of facultative wheat to winter sowing, freezing sowing and spring sowing at different seeding rates. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 192: 10-16.

Pooruoseph, M., D. Mazaheri. and A. Bankehsaz. 2000. Effect of planting pattern and plant density on yield and yield components of two varieties of hybrid corn. J. Desert. 6(2): 129-139.

Raja, V. 2001. Effect of nitrogen and plant population on yield and quality of super sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Indian J. Agron. 46: 246-249.

Rane, J., R. K. Pannu, V. S. Sohu, R. S. Saini, B. Mishra, J. Shoran, J. Crossa, M. Vargas. and K. Joshi. 2007. Performance of yield and stability of advanced wheat cultivar under heat stress environments of the indo- gangetic plains. Crop Sci. 47: 1561-1572.

Reddy, B. B., A. Kumar. and K. B. Swamy. 1987. Effect of plant population on the performance of maize hybrids at different fertility levels in a semi-arid environment. Indian J. Agri. Sci. 705: 709.

Robertson, M. J. and J. F. Holland. 2004. Response Indian mustard to sowing date in the seed belt of Australia. Australian J. Exp. Agri. 44: 43-52.

Saeys, W., B. Lenaerts, G. Craessaerts. and J. De Baerdemaeker. 2009. Estimation of the crop density of small grains using LiDAR sensors. Biosystems Engineering. 102: 22–30.

Toillon, J., R. Fichot, E. Dallé, A. Berthelot, F. Brignolas. and N. Marron. 2013. Planting density affects growth water-use efficiency depending on site in P. deltoids × P. nigra. Forest Ecol. Manag. 304: 345-354.

Wiersma, J. J. 2002. Determining an optimum seeding rate for spring wheat in Northwest Minnesota. J. Crop Manage. 18: 1-7.

Yadi, R., M. Ebrahimi. and S. Dastan. 2016. Effect of seed rate in different sowing dates on grain yield and yield components of Wheat in Iran. Intl. J. Tropical Medicine. 11(6): 208-213.

Whaley, J., D. Sparkes, M. Foulkes, J. Spink, T. Semere. and R. Scott. 2000. The physiological response of winter wheat to reductions in plant density. Annals of Applied Biol. 137: 165-177.