Effect of Packaging and Storage Temperature on the Population of Aspergillus section Flavi and Aflatoxin Production in Fresh Pistachios

Journal of Nuts

دوره 13، شماره 3، آذر 2022، صفحه 227-237   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jon.2022.1957698.1168

نویسندگان

Hossein Afshari¹؛ Mehdi Mohammadi-Moghadam^{* 2}؛ Abolfazl Rezaee-Ahvanouyi¹؛ Seyed Hamidreza Ziaolhagh³؛ Seyed Reza Fani⁴؛ Majid Aldaghi⁵

¹Department of Horticulture, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran

²Horticultural Sciences Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Semnan Province (Shahrood), AREEO, Shahrood, Iran

³Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Semnan Province (Shahrood), AREEO, Shahrood, Iran

⁴Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Yazd Province, AREEO, Yazd, Iran

⁵Plant Protection Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده

The study was performed to investigate the Aspergillus growth and aflatoxin production in fresh pistachios stored in different packagings. Forty kg of fresh pistachios of the Abbasali cultivar were sampled and kept in different temperature conditions including 4°C and ambient conventional temperatures in plastic baskets or polyethylene plastic bags. Sub-samples were taken at 4 days intervals for 32 days to measure aflatoxin and evaluate the population of Aspergillus section Flavi. Aflatoxins were quantified by HPLC and the fungal population was monitored by dilution series method and AFPA medium. The results showed that on the first day of storage in all conditions the amount of aflatoxin was undetectable. Aflatoxin infection started on the fourth day after storage in the ambient conventional temperature and increased over time. The lowest production of aflatoxin B₁ was in the 4°C treatment. Pistachios stored at ambient conventional temperature and packed in plastic baskets showed the highest amount of aflatoxin B₁ production. The effect of the treatments on the production of aflatoxin B₁ showed that the samples in polyethylene plastic bags at ambient temperature were the highest. The results showed that in the 4°C treatment, the fungal population was significantly less than in ambient temperature treatments. The lowest fungal population was in the 4°C plastic baskets packaged treatment. This treatment was not significantly different from the 4°C polyethylene bag treatment but was significantly different from other treatments (P≤0.01). In general, keeping fresh pistachio at 4°C and suitable plastic is trustworthy. Storage for more than 8 days in the ambient conventional temperature greatly increases the risk of fungal and aflatoxin contamination.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Food safety؛ Contamination؛ Mycotoxins؛ Nuts

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