اثر مقادیر اسیدهیومیک و سایکوسل بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و انتقال مجدد مواد فتوسنتزی گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی انتهای فصل

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

دوره 18، شماره 71، مهر 1402، صفحه 32-47   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/iper.2022.1953457.1776

نویسندگان

مریم شیروانیان؛ مانی مجدم^* ؛ شهرام لک؛ مجتبی علوی فاضل؛ سید کیوان مرعشی

گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد مقادیر مختلف اسیدهیومیک و سایکوسل بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و میزان انتقال مجدد گندم تحت تنش خشکی انتهای فصل در اهواز، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال­های زراعی 97-1396 و 98-1397 در مزرعه­ای واقع در شهرستان اهواز اجرا شد. عامل اصلی تنش خشکی انتهای فصل با دو سطح آبیاری معمولی و قطع آبیاری در مرحله بعد از گرده­افشانی، سایکوسل با سه سطح آب به عنوان شاهد، 5/1 گرم در لیتر و سه گرم در لیتر و هیومیک اسید با سه سطح عدم محلول‌پاشی (آب به عنوان شاهد)، دو لیتر در هکتار و چهار لیتر در هکتار به صورت فاکتوریل به عنوان عوامل فرعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که برهم­کنش تنش خشکی انتهای فصل و سایکوسل بر عملکرد دانه و تعداد دانه در سنبله معنی­دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (5/4840 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با کاربرد سه گرم در لیتر سایکوسل در شرایط آبیاری معمولی حاصل شد که با کاربرد سه گرم در لیتر سایکوسل در شرایط تنش خشکی انتهای فصل تفاوت آماری معنی­داری از خود نشان نداد. کاربرد اسیدهیومیک بر تمام صفات آزمایش اثر مثبت و معنی­داری داشت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در سنبله و وزن هزار دانه از کاربرد سه لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک در شرایط آبیاری معمولی بدست آمد. در شرایط تنش خشکی انتهای فصل میزان فتوسنتز جاری (29 درصد) و سهم فتوسنتز جاری (10 درصد) کاهش و میزان انتقال مجدد (16 درصد) و سهم انتقال مجدد (34 درصد) افزایش یافت. در مجموع می­توان برای افزایش عملکرد دانه در شرایط مطلوب و کاهش افت در شرایط تنش، از تنظیم­کننده­های رشد نظیر سایکوسل با غلظت سه گرم در لیتر و کود آلی اسیدهیومیک به میزان چهار لیتر در هکتار استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انتقال مجدد؛ سایکوسل؛ قطع آبیاری؛ عملکرد دانه؛ وزن هزار دانه

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