بررسی راهکارهای صرفه جویی در مصرف آب لوبیا چیتی تحت تنش خشکی

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

دوره 16، 2 (62) تابستان، مرداد 1401، صفحه 179-200   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/JCEP.2022.1905284.1701

نویسندگان

معصومه محمدپور درشکی¹؛ علی نصراله زاده اصل^{* 2}؛ محسن رشدی²؛ فرزاد جلیلی²؛ ساسان رضادوست²

¹دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران

²استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران

چکیده

به ­منظور بررسی روش­ های کاهش مصرف آب تحت شرایط تنش خشکی در زاعت لوبیا چیتی آزمایشی به­ صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک ­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه ­ای واقع در شهرستان سلماس طی سال 1397 انجام گردید. فاکتور اصلی قطع آبیاری در 3 سطح (آبیاری مطلوب، قطع آبیاری از آخر مرحله گلدهی، قطع آبیاری از آخر مرحله نیام ­بندی) و فاکتور فرعی روش ­های کاهش مصرف آب در 5 سطح شامل (شاهد، سوپر جاذب، قارچ میکوریزا، کود نانو پتاسیم و پیش تیمار بذر با پراکسید هیدروژن) در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که تاثیر قطع آبیاری و روش­ های کاهش مصرف آب روی عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، کارآیی مصرف آب، کلروفیل کل و میزان پرولین معنی­ دار بود. همچنین، اثر متقابل فاکتورهای قطع آبیاری و روش­ های کاهش مصرف آب بر عملکرد دانه، کارآیی مصرف آب و میزان پرولین معنی ­دار گردید. با آنکه بیشترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 2133/24 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به تیمار آزمایشی اثر متقابل آبیاری مطلوب همراه با مصرف پلیمر سوپر جاذب بود ولی مشاهده شد که عملکرد دانه در تیمار آزمایشی آبیاری مطلوب و بدون استفاده از روش­ های کاهش مصرف آب به میزان 1627/21 کیلوگرم در هکتار با تیمار آزمایشی قطع آبیاری در مرحله نیام بندی همراه با مصرف سوپر جاذب به میزان 1564/3 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش عملکردی حدود 3/87 درصدی را نشان داد که از نظر آماری معنی دار نبود که این نشانگر صرفه ­جویی در مصرف آب با استفاده از سوپر جاذب می­باشد. همچنین در تیمار آزمایشی قطع آبیاری در مرحله نیام ­بندی با استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا نسبت به تیمار آزمایشی آبیاری مطلوب، عملکرد دانه 12/3 درصد کاهش یافت که آن نشان­دهنده تاثیر بیشتر سوپر جاذب در جلوگیری از کاهش عملکرد دانه نسبت به قارچ میکوریزا در شرایط تنش خشکی می باشد. همچنین، کارایی مصرف آب در تیمار آزمایشی آبیاری مطلوب نسبت به تیمار آزمایشی قطع آبیاری در مرحله نیام­ بندی همراه با مصرف سوپر جاذب حدود 19 درصد کاهش یافت که نشان­دهنده افزایش کارآیی مصرف آب در شرایط تنش خشکی با استفاده از مواد سوپرجاذب می ­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پرولین؛ سوپرجاذب؛ کلروفیل؛ عملکرد دانه

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