Evaluation of water quality loushan olive orchards and negative effects of agriculture on the environment

Journal of Water Science & Engineering

دوره 11، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 34، اردیبهشت 2022، صفحه 76-63   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

نویسندگان

Ali lahiji^* ؛ Ali Reza Ghodrati

چکیده

Loushan is also one area of the Gilan province with arid southern climates due to low rainfall  (average 250 mm per year)  and has the highest level of drought to irrigate olive orchards in the province that is dependent on the water from these wells , since the Loushan area quality of water of wells is not defined. In order to evaluation of the quality of these waters that about 40 water samples were collected of olive gardens in this area. The results showed that 62.16 % salinity waters are between 700 and 3,000 μmohs/cm  and 27 %  of waters with a salinity of over 3000 μmohs/cm , that based on classification Wilcox about 13 %  of waters are  in-class C2S1 and 60 % of waters are in class C3S1 that are  component of salt water by applying devices to use and 27 % waters are in-class C4S1 a saline waters and harmful for agriculture . The study found that salinity in irrigation water was very high in some areas and neglect in this area will be a threat to this gardens which caused the accumulation of salts , soil degradation and reduction of yield, thus is essential to strategies for utilizing of this waters and soluble dissolved waters accumulated in the soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Agriculture؛ salinity؛ water quality؛ land degradation

مراجع

نشاط، ع. و زین الدین، ع. (1392). بررسی اثر پیشروی آب شور بر کیفیت آب آبیاری و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک تحت کشت پسته منطقه سیرجان. علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست، دوره 15، شماره2، ص 22-13.

Ahmad, P. and Prasad, M.N.V. (2012) Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants: Metabolism, Productivity and Sustainability. New York, Springer.

Bartels, D. and Sunkar, R. ( 2007). Drought and salt tolerance in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 24(1), pp:23-58.

Bartram, J., and Balance, R. (1996). Water Quality Monitoring - A Practical Guide to the Design and Implementation of Freshwater Quality Studies and Monitoring Programmes, Published on behalf of United Nations Environment Programme and the World Health Organization (UNEP/WHO), 380 p.

Chartzoulakis, K. S. (2005). Salinity and olive: growth, salt tolerance, photosynthesis and yield. Agriculture Water Management. 78(1-2), pp: 108–121.

Dregne, H., Kassas, M. and Razanov, B. (1991). A new assessment of the world status of desertification. Desertification Control Bulletin (UNEP)20, PP:6-18.

 Eilers, J. M., Brakke, D. F. and Henricksen, A. (1992). The inapplicability of Gibbs’ model of world water chemistry for filute lakes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 37(6), pp: 1335-1337.

Gibbs, R. J. (1970). “Mechanism controlling world water chemistry”, Science, N.Y., 170: pp. 1088-1090.

Jafari, M., Azarnivand, H., Zehtabian, Gh. And Jamshidi, A .(2002). Investigating the role of irrigation water quality in desertification of agricultural lands along the Damghan desert. Desert Magazine, 7(2), pp: 121-128.

Lichtfouse, E. (2010). Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 6: Alternative Farming Systems, Biotechnology, Drought Stress and Ecological Fertilization. Edited by E. Lichtfouse. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer (2010), pp. 354.

Nagwi, Hormozd. (1996). Study of physical and chemical properties and how the soils of Rafsanjan pistachio cultivation areas are formed and evolved. Master Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, page 130.

 Velikova, V., Yordanov, I. and Edreva, A. (2000). Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants-protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Science, 151(1), pp: 59–66