رابطه بین سبک‌های دلبستگی و صمیمیت والدین با افسردگی کودک: نقش واسطه‌ای حرمت خود

روانشناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی

مقاله 4، دوره 18، شماره 71، فروردین 1401، صفحه 309-320   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دنیا نوروزی¹؛ مهرناز احمدی^{* 2}

¹کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

²استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب

چکیده

هـدف ایـن پژوهـش بررسـی نقـش واسـطه‌ای حرمـت خـود در رابطـه بیـن سـبک‌های دلبسـتگی و صمیمیـت والدیـن بـا افسـردگی کـودک بــود. شــرکت‌کنندگان شــامل ۲۰۵ دانش آمــوز دختــر پایه‌هــای تحصیلــی ســوم تــا ششــم دبســتان‌های منطقــه ۹ شــهر تهــران در ســال تحصیلــی ۱۳۹۸-۱۳۹۷بودنـد کـه بـا روش نمونه‌بـرداری دردسـترس انتخـاب شـدند و بـه سـیاهه افسـردگی کـودکان (کواکـس، ۱۹۹۲)، پرسشـنامه طبقه‌بنـدی سـبک‌های دلبسـتگی (فینـزی- دوتـان، کوهـن، ایوانیـچ، سـاپییر و ویزمـن، ۲۰۰۶)، پرسشـنامه پذیـرش و طـرد والدیـن (روهنـر، ۲۰۰۷) و سـیاهه فرهنـگ نابسـته حرمـت خـود (باتـل، ۲۰۰۲) پاسـخ دادنـد. نتایـج آزمـون همبسـتگی پیرسـون نشـان داد بیـن افسـردگی بـا حرمـت خـود، دلبسـتگی ایمـن و صمیمیـت والدیـن رابطـه مثبـت و بـا سـبک های دلبسـتگی اجتنابـی و دوسـوگرا/اضطرابی رابطـه منفـی وجـود دارد. افـزون بـر آن، حرمـت خـود نیـز بـا دلبسـتگی ایمـن و صمیمیـت والدیـن رابطـه مثبـت و بـا سـبک‌های دلبسـتگی اجتنابـی و دوسـوگرا/اضطرابی رابطـه منفـی معنـادار دارد. نتایـج نشـان داد حرمـت خـود در رابطـه دلبسـتگی (ایمـن و اجتنابـی) و صمیمیـت والدیـن بـا افسـردگی نقـش واسـطه‌ای دارد. بـر همیـن اسـاس، سـبک‌های دلبسـتگی و صمیمیـت والدیـن ۲۵ درصـد از واریانـس حرمـت‌خـود و افسـردگی ۵۲ درصـد از واریانـس دلبسـتگی، صمیمیـت والدیـن و حرمـت خـود کـودکان را تبییـن می‌کنـد. درمجمـوع نتایـج نشـان می‌دهـد کـه بـا بـالا بـردن مهارت‌هـای والدگـری و افزایـش سـطوح حرمـت‌خـود در کـودکان بـا سـبک‌های دلبسـتگی اجتنابـی می‌تـوان از بـروز نشـانه‌های افسـردگی در آنهـا پیشـگیری کـرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

افسردگی کودک؛ حرمت خود؛ سبک های دلبستگی؛ صمیمیت والدین

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