Plane Wave Diffraction Problem Analysis Using Microwave Technology and with Application for Breast Scanning

Majlesi Journal of Telecommunication Devices

مقاله 6، دوره 9، شماره 4، اسفند 2020، صفحه 167-176   

نوع مقاله: Articles

نویسنده

Emine Avşar Aydin^*

Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Adana, Turkey.

چکیده

This paper presents an analytical solution to the problem of non-invasively detecting an object in a medium using a microwave signal applied from the surface. This solution is based on the one and two-dimensional microwave inverse calculation methods. Since the dielectric properties of the object and the medium are different from each other, the backscattered electromagnetic waves can characterize the properties of the object and the medium. The impedance and reflection coefficients are calculated from the forward and backscattered signals as a function of the frequency. An analytical-numerical method is developed to analyze how an H-polarized plane wave is diffracting from two axisymmetric infinitely long strips located at the z-axis and have the same width. A straightforward solution to a problem difficult to solve is presented using hybrid analytical-numeric methods. Detecting tumors in breast tissue is one of the critical areas that the method will be effectively used. The solution is successfully applied to the breast tissue to detect the tumor inside it. Different scenarios are presented along with their numerical examples and radar cross-section data. From the insight obtained from these numerical examples, the scattering characteristics of the far-field are discussed to emphasize the contribution of the presented solution. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

Analytic؛ Breast Layers؛ Diffraction؛ Numeric؛ strip

مراجع

[1] E. Avşar Aydın, T. İkiz, “An approximate solution for the plane wave diffraction by an impedance strip: H-polarization,” Tehnicki Glasnik (Technical Journal), Vol. 10, pp. 79-97, 2016.

[2] Breast. (2020, October 30). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast

[3] M. Born, and E. Wolf, “Principles of Optics,” Pergamon Press, Frankfurt, Germany, pp.808, 1965

[4] J. J. Bowman, “High-frequency backscattering from an absorbing infinite strip with arbitrary face impedance,” Canadian Journal of Phys., Vol. 45, pp. 2409-2430, 1967.

[5] C. M. Butler,”General solution of the narrow strip integral equations,” IEEE Trans. On Ant. And Proc. Vol. AP-33, pp. 10:1085-1090, 1985

[6] A. Büyükaksoy, A. H. Serbest, A. H. and G. Uzgören, “Secondary diffraction of plane waves by an impedance strip,”Radio Science, Vol. 24, pp. 455-464, 1989.

[7] W. D. Burnside, C. L. Yu, R. J. Marhefka, “A technique to combine the geometrical theory of diffraction and the moment method,” IEEE Trans. on Ant. and Proc., Vol. AP-23, pp. 551-558, 1975

[8] F. Delbary, M. Brignone, G. Bozza, R. Aramini, M. Piana, “A Visualization Method for Breast Cancer Detection by using Microwaves,” SIAM J. Appl. Math. Vol. 70, pp. 2509-2533, 2010.

[9] G: A. Grinberg, “Diffraction of electromagnetic waves by strip of finite width,” Soviet Phys. Dokland. Vol. 4, pp. 1222-1225, 1960.

[10] A. M. Hassan, M., El-Shenawee, “Review of Electromagnetic Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection,” IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 103-118, 2011.

[11] M. I. Herman, J. L. Volakis, “High frequency scattering by a resistive strip and extensions to conductive and impedance strips, “Radio Science. Vol. 22, pp. 335-349, 1987.

[12] T. İkiz, S. Koshikawa, K. Kobayashi, E. İ. VelievA. H. Serbest, “Solution of the plane wave diffraction problem by an impedance strip using a numerical-analytical method: E-polarized case,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 15, pp. 291-436, 2001.

[13] G. A. Grinberg, “Diffraction of electromagnetic waves by strip of finite width,” Soviet Phys. Dokland. Vol. 4, pp. 1222-1225, 1960.

[14] Kanser Kayıtçılığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Kanser Daire Başkanlığı (2020, October 30). Retrieved from http://www.kanser.gov.tr/dairefaaliyetleri/kanser-kayitciligi/108-t%C3%BCrkiyede.

[15] M. Kaur, M., “Calcification Detection in Breast Cancer,” Int. J. Psychosoc. Rehabil. doi: 10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr2020377, pp. 5723–5732, 2020.

[16] A. Lazaro, D. Girbau, R. Villarino, R., “Simulated and Experimental Wavelet-based Detection of Breast Tumor using a UWB Radar,” 40th European Microwave Conference, Paris, pp. 373-376, 2010.

[17] L. N. Medgyesi, and D. S. Wang, “Hybrid methods for analysis of complex scatterers,” Proc. of the IEEE, vVol. 77, pp. 770-779, 1989.

[18] J. N. Sahalos, and G. A. Thiele, “On the application of the GTD-MM technique and its limitations,” IEEE Trans. on Ant. and Proc., Vol. AP-29, pp. 780-786, 1981

[19] A. Santorelli, M. Popovic, M.,”SAR Distribution in Microwave Breast Screening: Results with TWTLTLA Wideband Antenna,” Intelligent Sensors. Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP). Adelaide, pp. 11-16, 2011.

[20] T. B. A. Senior, “Backscattering from resistive strips,” IEEE Trans. on Ant. and Proc, Vol. AP-27, pp. 808-813, 1979.

[21] T. B. A. Senior, “Backscattering from resistive strips,” IEEE Trans. on Ant. and Proc, Vol. AP-27, pp. 808-813, 1979.

[22] A. H. Serbest, A. Büyükaksoy, “Some approximate methods related to the diffraction by strips and slits, “Hashimoto, M., İdemen, M., Tretyakov, O. A.: Analytical and numerical methods in electromagnetic wave theory. Science House, pp. 229-256, 1987

[23] R. Tiberio, R. and R. G. Kouyoumjian,” A uniform GTD solution for the diffraction by strips illuminated at grazing incidence,” Radio Science, Vol. 14, pp. 933-941, 1979.

[24] G. A. Thiele, and T. H. Newhouse, “A hybrid technique for combining moment method with the geometrical theory of diffraction,” IEEE Trans. on Ant. and Proc., vol. AP-23, pp. 62-69, 1975.

[25] X-ray. (2020, November 04). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray.

[26] M. Xu, P. Thulasiraman, S. Noghanian, “ Microwave Tomography for Breast Cancer Detection on Cell Broadband Engine Processors,” J. Parallel Distrib. Comput., Vol. 72, ppç 1106-1116, 2011.

[27] J. L. Volakis, andS. S. Bindiganavale, “Scattering by a narrow groove in an impedance plane,” Radio Science, vVol. 31, pp. 401-408, 1996.

[28] D. Zhang, A. Mase, A., “Ultrashort-Pulse Radar System for Breast Cancer Detection Experiment: Imaging in Frequency Band, “Microwave Conference Proceedings (CJMW), Hangzhou, pp.1-3, 2011.