ارزشیابی از برنامه‌های درسی مرتبط با کارآفرینی در دوره آموزش عمومی

پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی

دوره 19، شماره 73، شهریور 1401، صفحه 134-154   

نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsre.2022.553601.0

نویسنده

نیلوفر مرتضی نژاد^*

استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

ارزشیابی عنصری مهم و اساسی در تمام برنامه‌های درسی قلمداد می‌شود؛ این مؤلفه در مواردی که برنامه درسی جنبه عملی و کاربردی دارد، پیچیدگی و گاه ابهام بیشتری دارد. در این مقاله، عنصر ارزشیابی برنامه‌های درسی مرتبط با کارآفرینی از طریق دو رویکرد تطبیقی و سنتزپژوهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است .در بخش تطبیق، ابتدا وضعیت موجود در ایران توصیف، سپ،س وضعیت مطلوب در کشورهای پیشرو ترسیم و در نهایت، مقایسه انجام پذیرفته است در مرحلۀ سنتزپژوهی نیز کلیۀ مطالعات داخلی و خارجی مرتبط طیّ سال های 1380 تا 1396 بررسی و از بطن آنها نسبت به سنتز و ترکیب یافته‌های پژوهشی اقدام شده است. طبق یافته‌های تحقیق، در کشور ایران براساس اسناد و راهنماهای معلم کتاب‌های مرتبط با کارآفرینی، انواع آزمون‌های قلم-کاغذی، کارپوشه، مشاهده، نمونه کار و ... برای این درس مناسب هستند. لیکن در کشورهای پیشرو و نیز یافته‌های تحقیقاتی، علاوه بر موارد فوق الذکر، رقابت‌های داخل و بین‌مدرسه‌ای و نیز راه‌اندازی کسب‌و‌کارهای کوچک شبیه‌سازی شده نیز به عنوان روش‌های ارزشیابی مورد تأکیدند. از سوی دیگر استفاده از  آزمون‌های روانشناختی به‌ویژه آزمون انگیزه پیشرفت و خودکارآمدی در تعیین ویژگی‌های کارآفرینانه و اقدام نسبت به تقویت و پرورش آنها مهم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارزشیابی؛ برنامۀ درسی کارآفرینی؛ رویکرد تطبیقی؛ سنتزپژوهی

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