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Sikakwe, Gregory, Ilaumo, Bennet. (1402). Contamination of arable topsoil by organic and inorganic pollutants around petroleum products handling facilities. نشریه علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, 15(2), 77-93. doi: 10.30495/ijes.2022.1943042.1663
Gregory Udie Sikakwe; Bennet Uduak Ilaumo. "Contamination of arable topsoil by organic and inorganic pollutants around petroleum products handling facilities". نشریه علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, 15, 2, 1402, 77-93. doi: 10.30495/ijes.2022.1943042.1663
Sikakwe, Gregory, Ilaumo, Bennet. (1402). 'Contamination of arable topsoil by organic and inorganic pollutants around petroleum products handling facilities', نشریه علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, 15(2), pp. 77-93. doi: 10.30495/ijes.2022.1943042.1663
Sikakwe, Gregory, Ilaumo, Bennet. Contamination of arable topsoil by organic and inorganic pollutants around petroleum products handling facilities. نشریه علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, 1402; 15(2): 77-93. doi: 10.30495/ijes.2022.1943042.1663

Contamination of arable topsoil by organic and inorganic pollutants around petroleum products handling facilities

Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences
مقاله 7، دوره 15، شماره 2، تیر 2023، صفحه 77-93    اصل مقاله (1.36 M)
نوع مقاله: Review Articles
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ijes.2022.1943042.1663
نویسندگان
Gregory Udie Sikakwe* 1؛ Bennet Uduak Ilaumo2
1Department of Geology/Geophysics Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria
2Department of Geology University of Calabar, Calabar Nigeria
چکیده
The concentrations of heavy metals (inorganics) and poly aromatic hydrocarbons (organics) were determined in soils around fueling stations and automobile workshops. Mean concentrations of nickel, lead, cadmium and vanadium were 636, 1379, 12.0 and 18.0 µg/kg, respectively. Flourene, benzo (a) pyrene, benzo (b) fluoranthene and benzo (ghi) pyrelene recorded means of 2.01, 2.014, 1.14 and 1.12 µg/kg, respectively, but other poly aromatic hydrocarbons recorded means <1. Heavy metals levels were higher at sites of activities than the control site. Phenanthrene, naphthalene and benzo (k) fluoranthene were present at control site but absent in some locations of activity. These showed they were not only from petroleum products handling facilities. Mean levels of both inorganics and organics were below world standards for agricultural soil quality. Principal component analysis of heavy metals produced two principal components that explained 40.72% and 36.90% of the total variance. These reflect geological weathering, automobile exhaust and petroleum combustion sources. Analysis of poly aromatic hydrocarbons data produced four principal components, which explained 36.30%, 19.96%, 15.19% and 12.81% of total variance. The sources of these organics are internal combustion of gasoline, kerosene and rock weathering. Diagnostic ratios ranged from 0.3-0.94 showing that poly aromatic hydrocarbons are of pyrogenic and petroleum combustion origin. Single pollution index means ranged from 0.0002-0.02 and Numerov composite pollution index attained a mean of 0.028. Therefore, the soil is unpolluted and heavy metals levels are not toxic to human health. The study provides information on sources of soil pollutants and their environmental and health risks.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Single pollution index؛ fueling stations؛ diagnostic ratios؛ pollution index؛ principal component analysis
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