Ameliorative Potentials of Camellia sinensis on Petrol Fumes- induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

Journal of Chemical Health Risks

دوره 13، شماره 3، آذر 2023، صفحه 497-509   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jchr.2022.1963766.1601

نویسندگان

Joy Uba^{* 1}؛ Eugene N. Onyeike²؛ Charity U. Ogunka-Nnoka²؛ Catherine C. Ikewuchi^{1، 2}

¹World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

²Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

چکیده

Volatile organic compounds found in petrol include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). Extract of Camellia sinensis (tea plant) leaf contains some secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids saponins, anthraquinones, and tannins. Polyphenols in Camellia sinensis possess anti-atherosclerosis and cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-hypertensive, and hepato-protective effects. The study aimed to investigate the potential of Camellia sinensis in ameliorating lung damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation caused by petrol fumes. Forty-eight Wistar albino rats weighing between 140g-230g  were randomized into 8 groups of 6 rats each consisting of control, petrol fumes only group, three aqueous drink groups of different doses, and three methanol extract groups of different doses respectively. The oxido-inflammatory responses and histopathological alterations in rat lungs following 6 hours of daily exposure for 30 and 60 days were recorded. Oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT)) and inflammatory biomarkers namely: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) were evaluated. The biochemical analyses showed that petrol fumes exposure resulted in significant (P<.05) increases in biomarkers of oxidative stress, pro-inflammation cytokines, and reduced GSH levels in rats as well histopathological alteration in lungs. The treated groups showed anti-oxidant properties by the elevation of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD) and non-enzymatic antioxidant (gluthathione) and reduction of MDA levels as well as reversal of alterations in the lungs after histopathological analysis. This study showed that Camellia sinensis leaf aqueous and methanol extract have the potential to attenuate petrol fumes-induced oxidative stress due to its natural bioactive constituents.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Inhalation؛ Inflammation؛ Aqueous؛ Methanol

مراجع

1.Kirchstetter T.W., Singer B.C., Harley R.A., Kendall G.R., Hesson J.M., 1999. Impact of California reformulated gasoline on motor vehicle emissions. 2. Volatile organic compound speciation and reactivity. Environmental Science & Technology. 33(2), 329-36.

2. d' Azevedo P.A., Tannhauser M., Tannhauser S.L., Barros H.M., 1996. Hematological alterations in rats from xylene and benzene. Veterinary and Human Toxicology. 38(5), 340-4.
3. Smith J.H., Mallett A.K., Priston R.A., Brantom P.G., Worrell N.R., Sexsmith C., Simpson B.J, 1996. Ninety-day feeding study in Fischer-344 rats of highly refined petroleum-derived food-grade white oils and waxes. Toxicologic Pathology. 24(2), 214-30.
4. Raabe G.K., Wong O., 1996. Leukemia mortality by cell type in petroleum workers with potential exposure to benzene. Environmental Health Perspectives. 104(suppl 6), 1381-92.
5. Ross D., 1996. Metabolic basis of benzene toxicity. European Journal of Haematology. 57(S60), 111-118.
6. Rothman N., Li G.L., Dosemeci M., Bechtold W.E., Marti G.E., Wang Y.Z., Linet M., Xi L.Q., Lu W., Smith M.T., Titenko‐Holland N.,1996. Hematotoxocity among Chinese workers heavily exposed to benzene. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 29(3), 236-46.
7. Abdrabouh A.E., 2019. Liver disorders related to exposure to gasoline fumes in male rats and role of fenugreek seed supplementation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 26(9), 8949–57.
8. Owagboriaye F.O., Dedeke G.A., Aladesida A.A., Bamidele J.A., Olooto W.E., 2018. Assessment of the effect of gasoline fume on stress hormones, antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in albino rat. Journal of king Saud University-science. 30(3), 393-9.
9. Imo C., Uhegbu F.O., Ifeanacho N.G., 2015. Effect of exposure to inhalation of selected petroleum products on liver function of male albino rats: A comparative study. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology. 19, 2319-99.
10. Ogunneye A.L., Omoboyowa D.A., Sonibare A.L., Adebusuyi A.J., Faniran T.P., 2014. Hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of petroleum fumes on petrol attendants in Ibadan, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 22(3-4), 57-62.
11. Ahmed F.E., 2001. Toxicology and human health effects following exposure to oxygenated or reformulated gasoline. Toxicology letters. 123(2-3), 89-113.
12. Ezzat A.R., Riad N.H., Fares N.H., Hegazy H.G., Alrefadi M.A., 2011. Gasoline inhalation induces perturbation in the rat lung antioxidant defense system and tissue structure. IJESE. 1, 1-4.
13. Tardif R., Liu L., Raizenne M., 2004. Exhaled ethanol and acetaldehyde in human subjects exposed to low levels of ethanol. Inhalation Toxicology. 16(4), 203-7.
14. Ukwubile C.A., Malgwi T.S., Dibal M.Y., Bababe A.B., 2020. Phytochemical Composition and Toxicity Evaluation of Camellia Sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (Theaceae) (Green Tea) Leaves Collected from Mambila Beverages Ltd Nigeria. International Journal of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products. 6(2), 7-13.
15. Varadharajan V., Janarthanan U.K., Krishnamurthy V., 2012. Physicochemical, phytochemical screening and profiling of secondary metabolites of Annona squamosa leaf extract. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 1(4), 1143-64.
16. Chan E.W., Lim Y.Y., Chew Y.L., 2007. Antioxidant activity of Camellia sinensis leaves and tea from a lowland plantation in Malaysia. Food Chemistry. 102(4), 1214-22.
17. Fuggetta M.P., Lanzilli G., Tricarico M., Cottarelli A., Falchetti R., Ravagnan G., Bonmassar E., 2006. Effect of resveratrol on proliferation and telomerase activity of human colon cancer cells in vitro. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research. 25(2), 189.
18. Kim Y., Goodner K.L., Park J.D., Choi J., Talcott S.T., 2011. Changes in antioxidant phytochemicals and volatile composition of Camellia sinensis by oxidation during tea fermentation. Food Chemistry. 129(4), 1331-42.
19. Dey A., Chattopadhyay S., Jana S., Giri M.K., Khatun S., Dash M., Perveen H., Maity M., 2018. Restoration of uterine redox-balance by methanolic extract of Camellia sinensis in arsenicated rats. Acta Biologica Szegediensis. 62(1), 7-15.
20. Dzotam J.K., Kuete V., 2017. Antibacterial and antibiotic-modifying activity of methanol extracts from six Cameroonian food plants against multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria. BioMed Research International. 2017,1-19.

21.Thitimuta S., Pithayanukul P., Nithitanakool S., Bavovada R., Leanpolchareanchai J., Saparpakorn P.,2017. Camellia sinensis L. Extract and its potential beneficial effects in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, and anti-tyrosinase activities. Molecules. 22(3), 401.

22. Uboh F.E., Ebong P.E., Eka O.U., Eyong E.U., Akpanabiatu M.I., 2005. Effect of inhalation exposure to kerosene and petrol-fumes on some anaemia-diagnostic indices in rats. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences. 4(1), 59-63.
23. Owagboriaye F.O., Dedeke G.A., Ashidi J.S., Aladesida A.A., Olooto W.E., 2018. Effect of gasoline fumes on reproductive function in male albino rats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25(5), 4309-19.
24. Akpanabiatu M.I., Igiri A.O., Eyong E.U., Eteng M.U., 2003. Biochemical and histological effects of Eleophorbia drupifera leaf extract in Wistar albino rats. Pharmaceutical Biology. 41(2), 96-9.
25. Fossati P., Prencipe L., Berti G., 1980. Use of 3, 5-dichloro- 2 - hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid / 4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in direct enzymic assay of uric acid in serum and urine. Clinical Chemistry. 26(2), 227-31.
26. Marklund S., Marklund G., 1974. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. European journal of biochemistry. 47(3), 469-74.
27. Ellman G.L, 1959. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 82(1), 70-7.
28. Wright J.R., Colby H.D., Miles P.R., 1981. Cytosolic factors which affect microsomal lipid peroxidation in lung and liver. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 206(2), 296-304.
29. Owumi S.E., Elebiyo T.C., Oladimeji B.N, 2021. Oxido inflammatory responses and histological alterations in rat lungs exposed to petroleum product fumes. Environmental Toxicology. 36(1), 132-43.
30. Odewabi A.O., Ogundahunsi O.A., Oyalowo M., 2014. Effect of exposure to petroleum fumes on plasma antioxidant defense system in petrol attendants. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 5(2), 83-8
31. Azeez O.M., Akhigbe R.E., Anigbogu C.N., 2012. Exposure to petroleum hydrocarbon: implications in lung lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in rat. Toxicology International. 19(3), 306.
32. Hugel H.M., Jackson N., 2012. Redox chemistry of green tea polyphenols: therapeutic benefits in neurodegenerative diseases. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 12(5), 380.
33. Santos-Buelga C., Feliciano A.S., 2017. Flavonoids: from structure to health issues. Molecules. 22(3), 477.
34. Ramesh P., Jagadeesan R., Sekaran S., Dhanasekaran A., Vimalraj S., 2021. Flavonoids: Classification, Function, and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Bone Remodelling. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 12. , 779638.
35. Croft K.D, 1998. The chemistry and biological effects of flavonoids and phenolic acids a. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 854(1), 435-42.
36. Parr A.J., Bolwell G.P., 2000. Phenols in the plant and in man. The potential for possible nutritional enhancement of the diet by modifying the phenols content or profile. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 80(7), 985-1012.
37. Bernatoniene J., Kopustinskiene D.M., 2018. The role of catechins in cellular responses to oxidative stress. Molecules. 23(4), 965.
38. Lampiao F., 2012. Free radicals generation in an in vitro fertilization setting and how to minimize them. World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1(3), 29-34.
39. Rahim S.M., Taha E.M., Mubark Z.M., Aziz S.S., Simon K.D., Mazlan A.G., 2013. Protective effect of Cymbopogon citratus on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in the reproductive system of male rats. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine. 59(6), 329-36.
40. Parameswaran N., Patial S., 2010. Tumor necrosis factor-α signaling in macrophages. Critical Reviews™ in Eukaryotic Gene Expression. 20(2), 87–103.
41. Cavicchi M., Gibbs L., Whittle B.J., 2000. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the human intestinal epithelial cell line, DLD-1, by the inducers of heme oxygenase 1, bismuth salts, heme, and nitric oxide donors. Gut. 47(6), 771-8.
42. Nussler A.K., Billiar T.R., Liu Z.Z., Morris Jr S.M., 1994.Coinduction of nitric oxide synthase and argininosuccinate synthetase in a murine macrophage cell line. Implications for regulation of nitric oxide production. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269(2), 1257-61.
43. Schmidt-Arras D., Rose-John S., 2016. IL-6 pathway in the liver: from physiopathology to therapy. Journal of Hepatology. 64(6), 1403-15.
44. Otitoju O., Onwurah I.N., 2007. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity as a biomarker in ecological risk assessment of pesticide contaminated environment. African Journal of Biotechnology. 6(12), 1455-1459 .
45. Amer M., Metwalli M., Abu El Magd Y., 2002. Skin diseases and enzymatic antioxidant activity among workers exposed to pesticides. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 8 (2-3), 363-373.
46. Prasad R., Karmakar S., Sodhi R., Karmakar S., 2011. Bilateral hemorrhagic pleural effusion due to kerosene aspiration. Lung India: Official Organ of Indian Chest Society. 28(2), 130.

47.Rahman I., MacNee W., 2000. Oxidative stress and regulation of glutathione in lung inflammation. European Respiratory Journal. 16(3), 534-554.