Effect of Tannery Effluents on the Antioxidant Enzymes of a Fresh Water Fish Channa striatus

Journal of Chemical Health Risks

دوره 13، شماره 3، آذر 2023، صفحه 441-447   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jchr.2022.1963722.1593

نویسندگان

Sivachandran Ramachandran¹؛ Navaneetha Lakshmi Krishnan²؛ Priya Ponmudi^{* 3}

¹Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Krishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai -600004, India

²PG and Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai-600 008, India

³Corresponding Author, PG and Research Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600 030, India

چکیده

Tannery effluents add pollutants to the aquatic environment. The characterization of responses to toxic exposure at the molecular level of biological systems is a major challenge in ecotoxicology because it enables the unraveling of mechanisms of toxicity, the discovery of novel biochemical markers, and early diagnoses of exposure and effects. The three major classes of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) were analyzed in the liver, testes, and ovary of Channa striatus to delineate the impact of tannery effluents on these enzymes. The oxidative stress biomarkers showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in their activities among the control and experimental groups exposed to both 10 and 1 % concentrations of the tannery effluents. The SOD activity was reduced to 96.13 % in the ovary compared to the liver (60.73 %) and testes (47.89 %) after 30 days of exposure to a 10 % concentration of the tannery effluents. However, the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase decreased to 58.59 % and 43.64 % in the testes when compared to the liver and ovary. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

Tannery effluents؛ Channa striatus؛ Superoxide dismutase (SOD)؛ Catalase (CAT)؛ Glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)

مراجع

1. Odum E.P., Fundamentals of ecology, 3rd Ed.W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1971.
2. Anwar Hossain M., Khabir Uddin M., Molla A.H., Afrad M.S.I., Rahman M.M., Rahman G.K.M.M., 2010. Impact of Industrial Effluents Discharges on Degradation of Natural Resources and Threat to Food Security. The Agriculturists. 8(2), 80-87. doi: 10.3329/agric.v8i2.7581.
3. Krishnan K., Fundamentals of environmental pollution, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi, 1991. pp.30-33.
4. Kock G., Triendl M., Hofer R., 1996. Seasonal patterns of metal accumulation in Artic char (Salvelinus alpines) from an oligotrophic alpine lake related to temperature. Can J Fish Aquat Sci., 53780-786. doi:10.1139/f95-243.
5. Van der Oost R., Beyer J., Vermeulan NPE., 2003. Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: A review. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 13(2), 57-149. doi: 1016/s1382-6689(02)00126-6.
6. Hewitt L.M., Parrott J L., McMaster M E., 2006. A decade of research on the environmental impacts of pulp and tannery mill effluents in Canada: Sources and characteristics of bioactive substances. J Toxicol Environ Health part B. 9(4), 341-356. doi: 1080/15287390500195976
7. Fanta E., Rios F.S., Romao S., Vianna A.C.C., Freiberger S., 2003. Histopathology of the fish Corydoras paleatus contaminated with sublethal levels of organophosphorus in water and food. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety. 54(2), 119-130. doi: 10.1016/s0147-6513(02)00044-1.
8. Pandey S., Parvez S., Ansari R.A., Ali M., Kaur M., Hayat F., Ahmad F., Raisudeen S., 2008. Effects of exposure to multiple trace metals in biochemical, histological and ultra structural features of gills of a freshwater fish, Channa punctata (Bloch). Chem Biol Intract. 174(3), 183-192. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.05.014.
9. Khnangarot B.S., Rao P.S., Shekhawat S.S., Durgve V.S., 1985. Acute toxicity of distillery effluent on a freshwater fish and their pond snails. Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol. 143, 53-58. doi::1002/aheh.19850130107.
10. Kumar S., Sahay S.S., Sinha M.K., 1995. Bioassay of distillery effluent on common guppy, Lebistes reticulatus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 54, 309. doi: 1007/BF00197446.
11. Sprague J.M., 1969. Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish I. Bioassay methods for acute toxicity. Water Research. 3, 793-821.
12. Misra H.P., Fridovich I., 1972.The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem. 247, 3170 -3175.
13. Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L., 1951. Randall, Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 193(1), 265-275.
14. Sinha A.K., 1972. Colorimetric assay of Catalase. Anal Biochem. 47(2), 389-394.doi: 1016/0003-2697(72)90132-7.
15. Rotruck J.T., Pope A.L., Ganther H.E., Swanson A.B., Hafeman D.G., Hoekstra W.G., 1973. Selenium: Biochemical Role as a Component of Glutathione Peroxidase. Sci. 179(4073), 588-590. doi: 10.1126/science.179.4073.588.
16. Chaudire J., R.Ferrari-Iliou R., 1999. Intracellular antioxidants: from chemical to biochemical mechanism. Food Chem Toxicol. 37(9-10), 949-962. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(99)00090-3.
17. Halliwell B., Gutteridge JMC. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, New York, 2007.
18. Yin X., Zheng Y., Liu Q., Cai, J., Cai L., 2012. Cardiac response to chronic intermittent hypoxia with a transition from adaptation to maladaptation: the role of hydrogen peroxide. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 569520. doi: 1155/2012/569520.
19. Atli G., Canli M., 2010. Response of antioxidant system of freshwater fish Orechromis niloticus to acute and chronic metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Fe) exposures. Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety. 73(8), 1884-1889. doi: 1016/j.ecoenv.2010.09.005
20. Eroglu A., Dogan Z., Kanak E.G. Atli G., Canli M., 2015. Effects of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn) on fish glutathione metabolism. Envirn Sci and Poll Res. 22(5), 3229-3237. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-2972-y.
21. Aich A., Goswami A.R., Roy U.S., Mukhopadhyay S.K., 2015. Ecotoxicological Assessment of Tannery Effluent Using Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata) as an Experimental Model: A Biomarker Study. Journal of toxicology and environmental health-part A. 78(4), 278-286. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2014.960045.
22. Mohanta M.K., Salam M.A., Saa A.K., Hasan A., Roy A.K., 2010. Effects of tannery effluents of survival and histopathological changes in different organs of Channa punctatus. Asian J Exp Biol Sci. 1(2), 294-302.