Characterizing market crop waste as feedstock for composting to reduce environmental pollution in developing countries

International Journal of Recycling Organic Waste in Agriculture

مقاله 11، دوره 12، شماره 3، آذر 2023، صفحه 409-423   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/ijrowa.2022.1954818.1431

نویسندگان

Asiwome Mensah Akumah¹؛ Eric Kwesi Nartey^{* 2}؛ Godfred Kwabena Ofosu-Budu³؛ Ebenezer Ato Ewusie⁴؛ Esther Esi Abusah⁵؛ Noah Adamtey⁶

¹Department of Agro Enterprise Development, Ho Technical University, P.O. Box HP 217, Ho, Ghana

²Department of Soil Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 245, Legon Accra, Ghana

³Department of Crop Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 44, Legon Accra, Ghana

⁴Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana

⁵Department of Civil Engineering, Ho Technical University, P.O. Box HP 217, Ho, Ghana

⁶Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Switzerland

چکیده

Purpose Market crop waste (MCW) contributes significantly to the quantity of municipal solid waste generated in sub-Saharan Africa. These wastes, however, contain high levels of plant nutrients which can be harnessed through composting to improve soil organic matter and nutrient status of impoverished tropical soils.
Method In this work, annual MCWs from two urban markets in Accra, Ghana were characterized by quantifying their seasonal availabilities, primary nutrients, heavy metals concentrations and level of microbial contamination to ascertain their suitability or otherwise for composting.
Results Waste generated in the rainy seasons was higher than in the dry seasons. Primary nutrients sequestered in the MCW collected were 211.1 kg N, 1.84 kg P and 89.66 kg K for both markets. Feedstock quality analysis showed heavy metal levels in the MCW were far below the contaminant levels. Moisture content of vegetable and fruit waste was 74.34 - 90.46% and far above the desired level of aerobic composting. Pathogen levels of 5.92 CFU/g E. coli and 5.41 CFU/g Salmonella in cocoyam leaves; 6.27 CFU/g total coliform and 4.74 CFU/g Enterococcus in cabbage were detected and found to be above the maximum contaminant level as per USEPA standard.
Conclusion Use of cassava, plantain peduncle and corn husk as bulking agents with vegetable and fruit waste as N, P and K sources should serve as feedstock for good quality compost production.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Market crop waste؛ Feedstock؛ Composting؛ Nutrient flow؛ Seasonal variation

مراجع

Akumah AM (2018) Black soldier fly larvae-mediated market waste-biochar compost: Production and efficacy. Doctoral thesis, University of Ghana Legon

Akumah AM, Nartey EK, Ofosu-Budu GK, Ewusie EA, Offei BK, Adamtey N (2021) Innovations in market crop waste compost production: Use of black soldier fly larvae and biochar. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric 10(2):185-202.       https://doi.org/ 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1899111.1071

Amoah P, Drechsel P, Abaidoo RC (2005) Irrigated urban vegetable production in Ghana: Sources of pathogen contamination and health risk elimination. Irrigation and Drainage: Inter Common Irrig Drain 54(S1): S49-S61 

Amoding A (2007) Supply potential and agronomic value of urban market crop waste. Doctoral Thesis, Makerere University, Uganda

Banerjee D, Bairagi H, Mukhopadhyay S, Pal A, Bera D, Ray L (2010) Heavy metal contamination in fruits and vegetables in two districts of West Bengal, India. Elec J Env Agricult Food Chem 9(9):1423-1432

Bationo A, Fening JO, Kwaw A (2018) Assessment of soil fertility status and integrated soil fertility management in Ghana. In: Bationo A, Ngaradoum D, Youl S, Lompo F, Fening J (eds) Improving the profitability, sustainability and efficiency of nutrients through site specific fertilizer recommendations in West Africa agro-ecosystems. Springer, Cham pp. 93 -138

Beck-Friis B, Smasrs S, JoKnsson H, Kirchmann H (2001) SE—structures and environment: gaseous emissions of Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia and Nitrous Oxide from organic household waste in a compost reactor under different temperature regimes. J Agric Eng Res 78 (4): 423-430.  https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.2000.0662

Beck-Friis B, Smårs S, Jönsson H, Eklind Y, Kirchmann H (2003) Composting of source-separated household organics at different oxygen levels: Gaining an understanding of the emission dynamics. Compost Sci Util11(1): 41-50.       https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2003.10702108

Cai H, Gao D (2011) Phytotoxicity of salts in composted sewage sludge and correlation with sodium chloride, calcium nitrate, and magnesium nitrate. J Plant Nutr 34 (12):1788–1796. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2011.600406

Chapman HD, Pratt PF (1961) Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. University of California Division of Agricultural Sciences, Office of Agric. Publ, 207 University Hall, Berkeley 4, Calif., p. 309          

Chimuka L, Manungufala TE (2009) Sources, bioavailability and fate of heavy metals and organic contaminants in compost manure. Dyn Soil Dyn Plant 3(Special Issue 1): 32-38

Cronjé AL (2004) Ammonia emissions and pathogen inactivation during controlled composting of pig manure. PhD Thesis, University of Birmingham, p. 480

Eduah JO, Nartey EK, Abekoe MK, Breuning-Madsen H, Andersen MN (2019) Phosphorus retention and availability in three contrasting soils amended with rice husk and corn cob biochar at varying pyrolysis temperatures. Geoderma 341: 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.01.016

Ewusie EA, Kwapong PK, Ofosu-Budu G, Sandrock C, Akumah A, Nartey E, Tetegaga C, Agyarkwa SK, Adamtey N (2018) Development of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in selected organic market waste fractions in Accra, Ghana. Asian J. Biotechnol. Bioresour 1-16          

GSS: Ghana Statistical Service (2012) Summary report of final results for 2010 population and housing census. Sakoa Press Limited, p. 103

Guo R, Li G, Jiang T, Schuchardt F, Chen T, Zhao Y, Shen Y (2012) Effect of aeration rate, C/N ratio and moisture content on the stability and maturity of compost. Bioresour Technol 112: 171-178.       https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.099

Hansen TL, la Cour Jansen J, Spliid H, Davidsson Å, Christensen TH (2007) Composition of source-sorted municipal organic waste collected in Danish cities. J Waste Manag 27 (4): 510-518.       https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.03.008

Hartmann H, Ahring BK (2006) Strategies for the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste: An overview. Water Sci Technol 53(8):7 - 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.02.001

Hogg D, Barth J, Favoino E, Centemero M, Caimi V, Amlinger F, Antler S (2002) Comparison of compost standards within the EU, North America and Australasia. Main Report, The Waste and Resources Action Programme, Banbury, Oxon, UK, p. 98.  ISBN 1-84405-004-1

Kanat G, Demir A, Ozkaya B, Bilgili MS (2006) Addressing the operational problems in a composting and recycling plant. J Waste Manag 26(12):1384-1391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.12.010

Marschner H (2011) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, p. 674

Moghadam MA, Mokhtarani N, Mokhtarani B (2009) Municipal solid waste management in Rasht City, Iran.  J Waste Manag 29(1): 485-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.02.029

Murphy J, Riley JP (1962) A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural water. Anal. Chim. Acta 27:31-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5

Paul J, Geesing D (2009) Compost facility operator manual. Abbotsford Printing, p. 169. ISBN: 978-0-9810328-0-1

Raj S, Robb K, Yakubu H (2014) Assessment and characterization of fecal exposure pathways in urban low-income settings (Sani Path). Rapid assessment tool manual. Center for global safe water, Emory University, p. 87 

Richard TL, Woodbury PB (1992) The impact of separation on heavy metal contaminants in municipal solid waste composts. Biomass Bioenerg 3(3-4):195-211. https://doi.org/1.1016/0961-9534(92)90026-M

Sulemana N, Nartey EK, Abekoe MK, Adjadeh TA, Darko DA (2021) Use of biochar-compost for phosphorus availability to maize in a concretionary ferric lixisol in Northern Ghana. Agron 11(2): 359

Sundberg C (205) Improving compost process efficiency by controlling aeration, temperature and pH. PhD Thesis, Swedish University f Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, p.103

Teye-gaga C (201) Evaluation of larval meal diet of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucen: L.1958) on fingerlings culture of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Master of Philosophy Thesis, University of Ghana, Legon, p. 112

Tumuhairwe JB, enywa JS, Otabbong E, Ledin S (2009) Comparison of four ow-technology composting methods for market crop wastes. J Waste Manag 29(8): 2274 - 2281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.03.015

Yoada RM, Chirwurah D, Adongo, PB (2014) Domestic waste disposal practiceand perceptions of private sector waste management in urban Accra. BMC Public Health 14(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-697