بررسی تغییرات فیتوشیمیایی اسانس و عملکرد رشد گیاه دارویی Thymus daenensis Celak. تحت تأثیر نور و اسید سالیسیلیک

اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی

دوره 10، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 39، آبان 1401، صفحه 69-84   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ejmp.2022.1943914.1661

نویسندگان

لیلا عبدی^{* 1}؛ حمیدرضا اصغری²؛ مجید تولیت ابوالحسنی³؛ محمدرضا عامریان²؛ حسنعلی نقدی بادی⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران

²دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران

³استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران

⁴دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی فیتوشیمیایی اسانس و عملکرد رشد آویشن دنایی  Thymus daenensis Celak. متأثر از نور و اسید سالیسیلیک، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای مورد آزمایش شامل محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک در سه سطح (0/2-0 مولار) و دو سطح نوری (100-50 درصد) لحاظ شد. به‌منظور ایجاد 50 درصد سایه دهی از تورهای مخصوص استفاده  شد. میزان کاهش نور در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد توسط لوکس متر اندازه‌گیری و محلول پاشی گیاهان قبل از شروع گل دهی انجام گرفت. اسانس سرشاخه‌های گلدار گیاه با استفاده از دستگاه تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) استخراج و ترکیبات اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه GC-MS شناسایی گردید. بیشترین میزان عملکرد اسانس مربوط به سرشاخه‌های گلدار به‌ترتیب از تیمار 0/1 مولار اسیدسالیسلیک 33/35 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 24/33 سانتی‌متر و از تیمار نور کامل 32/50 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 22/47 سانتی‌متر بدست آمد. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل  a (5/2 میلی‌گرم در گرم)، کلروفیل b (1/98 میلی‌گرم در گرم) و تعداد شاخه‌های جانبی (180/35 عدد) به واسطه کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک 1/0 مولار × تیمار 50 درصد نور به‌طور معنی‌داری در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت. میزان اسانس با افزایش شدت نور کاهش یافت و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک سبب بهبود این صفت گردید. به‌طوری‌که با شدت نور کامل به کمترین میزان 1/95 درصد رسید و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک 0/1 مولار سبب افزایش درصد اسانس (3/1) نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. بیشترین اجزای تشکیل دهنده اسانس آویشن با کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک 0/1 مولار × تیمار50 درصد نور شامل کارواکرول (4/4 درصد)، پارا- سیمن (14/6 درصد)، بتا- کاریوفیلین (5/95 درصد) می‌باشد. همچنین بیشترین میزان تیمول مربوط به تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک 0/1 مولار (59/66 درصد) و نور کامل (57/8 درصد) بود. به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک بر بهبود ویژگی‌های کیفی و کمی اجزای تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس گیاه آویشن دنایی تأثیر مثبتی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آویشن؛ اسانس؛ تیمول؛ کارواکرول؛ نور؛ اسید سالیسیلیک

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