اثربخشی آموزش فراشناخت و تحول مثبت نوجوانی بر تاب‌آوری و بهزیستی تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان دختر با مشکلات رفتاری

روانشناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی

مقاله 1، دوره 18، شماره 72، تیر 1401، صفحه 401-414   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

زهرا موحدیان¹؛ امیر قمرانی^{* 2}؛ ایلناز سجادیان³

¹دکتری روان شناسی تربیتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان، اصفهان، ایران

²استادیار گروه روان شناسی و آموزش کودکان با نیازهای خاص، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

³دانشیار گروه روان شناسی بالینی، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت جامعه، واحد خوراسگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

ایـن پژوهـش بـا هـدف مقایسـۀ اثربخشـی آمـوزش فراشـناخت و تحـول مثبـت نوجوانـی بـر تاب‌آوری و بهزیسـتی تحصیلـی دانـش‌آمـوزان دختـر دارای مشـکلات رفتـاری انجـام شـد. روش پژوهـش شـبه‌ تجربـی بـا طـرح پیـش‌آزمـون- پـس‌آزمـون و پیگیـری سـه ماهـه بـود. جامعـۀ آمـاری دانش‌آمـوزان دارای اختـلال رفتـاری پایـه نهـم در سـال تحصیلـی ۱۳۹۷-۱۳۹۶ در مـدارس شـهر یـزد بـود کـه بـر اسـاس مـلاک تشـخیص اختـلال رفتـاری دانش‌آمــوزان غربــال شــدند. جهــت انتخــاب نمونــه از روش نمونه‌بــرداری تصادفــی مرحلــه‌ای اســتفاده شــد و ۵۴ دانش‌آمــوز بــا مشــکلات رفتــاری انتخـاب و به‌تصـادف در دو گـروه آزمایشـی و یـک گـروه گـواه جـای داده شـدند و بـه فهرسـت رفتـاری کـودک آشـنباخ (۱۹۹۱)، سـیاهۀ تـاب‌آوری تحصیلـی (سـامویٔلز، ۲۰۰۴) و سـیاهۀ بهزیسـتی تحصیلـی (پیترینـن، سـوینی و پایهالتـو، ۲۰۱۴) پاسـخ دادنـد. دو گـروه آزمایشـی بسـتۀ آموزشـی تحـول مثبـت نوجوانـی (موحدیـان، ۲۰۱۹) و فراشـناخت تحـت آمـوزش قـرار گرفتنـد. نتایـج آزمـون تحلیـل واریانـس بـا اندازه‌گیـری مکـرر نشـان داد کـه تأثیـر بسـته آموزشـی تحـول مثبـت نوجوانـی و آمـوزش فراشـناخت بـر تـاب‌آوری و بهزیسـتی تحصیلـی معنـادار و بـا ثبـات اسـت. همچنیـن نتایـج نشـان داد بیـن اثربخشـی بسـته آموزشـی تحـول مثبـت نوجوانـی و آمـوزش فراشـناخت تفـاوت معنـاداری وجـود نـدارد. ایـن پژوهـش نشـان داد کـه اسـتفاده از آمـوزش فراشـناخت بـه فـرد کمـک می‌کنـد در مواجهـه بـا مشـکلات بـر مبنـای پـردازش اطلاعـات، بـا تمرکززدایـی از مشـکل و تبعـات آن به‌سـوی توجـه بـه خـود، رونـد فکـری بهتـری را طـی کنـد و آمـوزش تحـول مثبـت نوجوانـی نیـز بـا توجـه بـه درگیـر کـردن دانش‌آمـوزان ظرفیـت و توانمنـدی دانش‌آمـوزان را در مواجهـه بـا مشـکلات و تـلاش در راسـتای موفقیـت و پیشـرفت تحصیلـی را افزایـش می‌دهـد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آموزش مهارت‌های فراشناخت؛ تحول مثبت نوجوانی؛ تاب‌آوری تحصیلی؛ بهزیستی تحصیلی؛ مشکلات رفتاری

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