اثرات افزودن روغن‎های اسانسی (آویشن و پونه‎ ی کوهی) و فیتاز میکروبی بر میکروفلور روده و سطح ایمنی (ایمنی همورال (HI) و سلول‌های خونی) در جوجه ‎های گوشتی

مجله پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی

دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 61، دی 1401، صفحه 111-128   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

اسلام قلندری¹؛ علیرضا صفامهر²؛ علی نوبخت^{* 3}؛ یوسف مهمان نواز⁴؛ سامان مهدوی⁵

¹دانشجوی تغذیه دام گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه، مراغه، ایران

²استاد گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

³دانشیار گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

⁴استادیارگروه علوم دامی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

⁵استادیار گروه میکروبیولوژی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: با اینکه در تغذیه‌ی طیور از جمله جوجه‌های گوشتی از گیاهان دارویی به طرق مختلف استفاده شده است، اما استفاده‌ی همزمان از اسانس‌ها و آنزیم‌ها، بخصوص آنزیم فیتاز میکروبی کمتر استفاده شده است. آویشن و پونه گیاهی هستند که بر سیستم ایمنی موثر می‌باشند. اثرات مثبت فیتاز در طیور مستند شده است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی اثرات متقابل روغن‌های اسانسی و آنزیم فیتاز بر میکروفلور روده و سطح ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی می‌باشد.
مواد و روش ها: این آزمایش به بررسی میکروفلور روده و سطح ایمنی (ایمنی همورال (تست HI) و سلول‌های خونی) با استفاده از سه سطح اسانس آویشن، اسانس پونه و فیتاز میکروبی با 8 تیمار و 4 تکرار و مجموعاً با 32 واحد آزمایشی به مدت 42 روز، روی جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام گرفت. برای بررسی میکروفلور روده و سطح ایمنی به ترتیب از روش‌های کشت  ( MRS-Agar و EMB) و روش الایزا و استفاده از کیت‌های تجاری زیست شیمی استفاده شد.
نتایج: بررسی اثرات اصلی، نشان داد تیمارهایی که اسانس آویشن مصرف کرده بودند، در مقایسه با سایر تیمار­ها جمعیت  کلی‌فرم و کل باکتری‎های هوازی TAB)) کمتری داشتند (05/0p<). سطح ایمنی همورال تفاوت معنی‌داری در بین گروه‌های مختلف آزمایشی نشان داد (05/0p<). تیمارهایی که اسانس‌های آویشن و پونه را دریافت نکرده بودند، کمترین نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت­ها را داشتند (05/0p<).
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد استفاده از آنزیم فیتاز میکروبی و اسانس آویشن، جمعیت باکتری‌های کلی‌فرم روده را کاهش می‌دهد و استفاده از اسانس آویشن، باعث بهبود ایمنی همورال می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسانس؛ ایمنی؛ فیتاز میکروبی؛ میکروفلور روده؛ جوجه گوشتی

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