Environmental management of forest fire risk using A'SWOT analysis model (a case study: forest parks in the southern slopes of Alborz, Iran)

Anthropogenic Pollution

دوره 6، شماره 2، اسفند 2022، صفحه 73-79   

نوع مقاله: ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/ap.2023.1975447.1141

نویسندگان

Mina Mackialeagha^{* 1}؛ Behzad bozorgmehr²؛ Azita Behbahaninia³

¹Department of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran

²Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Rudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Iran

³Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran

چکیده

Fire can destroy forest areas along with air pollution and health hazards. The forest parks of the southern slopes of Alborz, Iran, are amazing tourist destinations for people in surrounding cities. Therefore, we determined the capabilities and limitations and formulated the best strategies to prevent and control fires using SWOT-AHP (A'SWOT) combined method. First, SWOT technique detected internal factors (strengths, or S, weaknesses, or W) and external factors (opportunities, or O, threats, or T) based on open-ended questions from local communities and experts. Then, AHP analysis model and Likert scale were performed to prioritize the best strategies as SO, WO, ST, WT solutions. The results showed that the most important factors in fire risk management, in order of the highest relative weight, were "easy access to forest park" (0.77), "lack of budget" (0.459), "existence of road networks" (0.76), "decrease in motivation and interest of volunteer and public forces" (0.417) in the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat groups, respectively. Further, the most important fire risk management strategies from the SWOT matrix and AHP method and scoring with a Likert scale, respectively, were "planning in accordance with the degree of fire risk for each part of the forest park" (0.715), "deploying quick reaction force and firefighting equipment at the appropriate point of the forest park" (0.685) and "updating knowledge in the field of fire risk management" (0.635). The A'SWOT technique was found to be appropriate in identifying the effective factors and providing operational strategies to prevent and control forest fires.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Environmental Management؛ Fire Risk؛ Forest Park؛ SWOT؛ AHP

مراجع

Abdein, Amna Abdelmoneim Elsayied. (2021). Flood Impact Assessment Using Hec-Ras and Gis Techniques Dinder River, Southeast Sudan. Water and Environmental Sustainability 1.3: 14-19. Print.

Abdolhakim, Islam. (2021). Assessing the Overwhelming Metals in Roadside Soils of Fundamental Roads in Jos City, Nigeria. Water and Environmental Sustainability 1.3: 1-6. Print.

Achebe, Kingsley Mohammed, and Olagunju. (2021). Employing Spider Webs for Environmental Investigation of Suspended Trace Metals in Residential and Industrial Areas. Water and Environmental Sustainability 1.4: 22-26. Print.

Fataei E, (2015) Feasibility Study of Border Industrial Town Using AHP and TOPSIS. Iranian Journal of Geography and Development. 12 (37): 181-194.

Fataei E, Alsheikh A, (2009) Locating solid waste landfills using GIS and AHP. Environmental Science, 6: 145-158.

Fataei E, Samadi Khadem R, Ojaghi Aghchehkandi A, (2022) Determining the Optimal Urban Waste Management Strategy Using SWOT Analysis: A Case Study in MeshginShahr, Iran. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research. doi: 10.22102/jaehr.2022.321446.1265

Fataei E, Torabian A, Hosseinzadeh KM, Alighadri M, Hosseinzadeh S, (2013) Selection of Optimum Municipal Wastewater Treatment Process Using AHP (Case Study: Ardebil, Tabriz, and Uremia). Journal of Health and Hygiene, 4(3): 260-272.

Gazmeh, H. (2012) Modeling forest fire spread using cellular automata. Dissertation for Master's Degree in Geographical Information System, Khajeh Nasir al-Din Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

Ghasemi Aghbash F, Fataei E, (2006) The study of the effect of forest management on biodiversity of woody species in Fandoghloo Forest. Pajouhesh-Va-Sazandegi, 19(2):11-18. (in Persian)

Ghazanfar Pour H, Hasanzadeh S, Hamedi M, (2017) Fire control management at the northern forests of Iran (Case Study: Golestan forest). Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, 5(10), 61-78. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=279526

Gorte Ross W, Bracmort K, (2012) Forest Fire/Wildfire Protection, report, Washington D.C.

Gorte W, Bracmort K, (2012) Forest fire/wildfire protection. Congressional Research Service, 27p.

Haji Alizadeh J, Fathi MH, Rashidi A, Hessari E, (2011) Assessment of environmental capabilities and risks using the SOWT strategy management model (case study: Akhund Qeshlaq village, Iran). The first international conference of students of geography and earth sciences of Iran, Payam-e Nour university of Saqqez, Iran.

Hewitt, Erica. "Ecological Plunging and Wireless Filming for Science Education: A New Zealand Pilot Experimeent." Water and Environmental Sustainability 1.1 (2021): 24-29. Print.

Hosseinali F, (2007) Forest fire simulation system using geographic information System. MSc thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Tehran University, 82 p.

Jellouli O, Bernoussi AS, (2022) The impact of dynamic wind flow behavior on forest fire spread using cellular automata: Application to the watershed BOUKHALEF (Morocco). Ecological Modelling, 468: 109938.

1. Kabir, S.M.A. Arefin, and M. T. Hosain. "Analysis of Momentary Variations in the Quality of Water on Specific Criteria in Cole Mere." Water and Environmental Sustainability 1.1 (2021): 8-12. Print.

Karasakal A, Talib N. "Cadmium Ions Removal Analysis from Wastewater Utilizing Salvadora Persica Stem's Activated Carbon." Water and Environmental Sustainability 2.2 (2022): 1-5. Print.

Kargar M, Jafarian Z, Taheri A, (2019) Evaluation of factors affecting the exploitation of pastures with emphasis on Analytical Hierarchy Process-strategic factors (AHP-SWOT) (case study: pastures of Eshthard city, Alborz province, Iran). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 72(4): 1049-1060.

Kazana V, Kazaklis A, Stamatiou C, Koutsona P, Boutsimea A, Fotakis D, (2015) SWOT analysis for sustainable forest policy and management: a Greek case study. International Journal of Information
and Decision Sciences, 7(1): 32-50.

Maingi JK, Henry MC (2007) Factors influencing wildfire occurrence and distribution in eastern Kentucky, USA. Int 738 J Wildland Fire, 16:23–33.

Miraki M, Akbarinia M, Ghazanfari H, Ezzati S, Haidari A, (2014) Presentation of management solutions for firefighting, using the decision support system at Northern Zagros forests (Case study: Marivan forests). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 21(4):742-755.

Mohammadi, F, Shabanian N, Pourhashemi M, Fatehi P, (2010) Forest fire risk mapping using silvopasture adaptation in south-central florida: an application of SWOT-AHP method. Agricultural Systems, 81: 185-199.

Nami D, Fataei E, Nejaei A, Zaeimdar M, (2017) Evaluation of environmental potential in Parsabad, Moghan for urban development using GIS and AHP. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19(5): 475-486.

Pourtaheri M, Sobhani Gheydari H, Sadeghlou T, (2011) Comparative assessment of environmental risk ranking methods in rural areas (Case study: Zanjan province, Iran). Journal of Rural Research, 2(3): 31-54.

Sarvar R, Khaliji MA, Fathi MH, (2012) Assessment of environmental capabilities and risks using AHP-SWOT model (case study: Ganbarf village, Osku County, Iran). Geographical Journal of Territory, 9(36): 61-77.

Sharifiyan Bahraman A, Barani HA, Abedi Sarvestani A, Haji Mollahoseini A, (2014) Identification and Comparison of Components Influencing Rangeland Exploitation from Pastorals and Experts' Viewpoints Using SWOT and AHP. Journal of rangeland science, 4(4): 257-269.

Sun, Xiaozhou, and Majid Khayatnezhad. "Fuzzy-Probabilistic Modeling the Flood Characteristics Using Bivariate Frequency Analysis and Α-Cut Decomposition." Water Supply 21.8 (2021): 4391-403. Print.

Taleai M, Mansourian A, Sharifi A, (2009) Surveying general prospects and challenges of GIS implementation in developing countries: a SWOT–AHP approach. Journal of Geographical Systems, 11: 291-310.

Wang, Chen, Yizi Shang, and Majid Khayatnezhad. "Fuzzy Stress-Based Modeling for Probabilistic Irrigation Planning Using Copula-Nspso." Water Resources Management 35 (2021): 4943-59. Print.

Wang, Shicheng, et al. "An Optimal Configuration for Hybrid Sofc, Gas Turbine, and Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Using a Developed Aquila Optimizer." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 47.14 (2022): 8943-55. Print.

Zandbasiri M, Ghazanfari H, (2010) An identifying the major factors affecting on developing and management of Zagros forests. Iranian Journal of Natural Recourses, 2(2): 127-138.

Zarekar A, Kazemi Zamani B, Ghorbani S, Jafari M, (2013) Mapping Spatial Distribution of Forest Fire using Artificial Neural Network (forests of Zagros region, Izeh city). Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology. 1(2): 75-86.

Zheng, Ruonan, et al. "Comparative Study and Genetic Diversity in Salvia (Lamiaceae) Using Rapd Molecular Markers." Caryologia 74.2 (2021): 45-56. Print.