ارزیابی دینامیک رشد ریشه و مولفه‌های عملکرد ارقام کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa) با تغییر مقادیر فسفر و روی

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

دوره 16، 4 (64) زمستان، بهمن 1401، صفحه 453-474   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/JCEP.2023.1933283.1810

نویسندگان

انیسه جرفی¹؛ مجتبی علوی فاضل^{* 1}؛ عبدالعلی گیلانی²؛ محمدرضا اردکانی³؛ شهرام لک¹

¹گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

²1- گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. 2 - بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران.

³گروه زراعت، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

توزیع و پراکنش مناسب ریشه جذب عناصر غذایی را تسهیل نموده و منجر به بهبود عملکرد گیاهان زراعی می­ شود. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی ساختار ریشه و شاخساره ارقام کینوا در پاسخ به کاربرد عناصر فسفر و روی در مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان به­ صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با سه فاکتور شامل کاربرد کود شیمیایی سوپرفسفات تریپل در 4 سطح (صفر، 6، 12 و 18 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن خاک)، محلول ­پاشی سولفات روی در 3 مقدار (آب بدون سولفات روی (شاهد)، محلول­ پاشی با غلظت 4 و 8 در هزار) و سه رقم کینوا (Giza 1، Q26، Titicaca) در سه تکرار در گلدان اجرا شد. یافته ­ها نشان داد پارامترهای ریشه نظیر وزن خشک ریشه، عرض ریشه، قطر ریشه، فاصله اولین انشعاب تا نوک ریشه و نسبت وزن ریشه به اندام هوایی تحت تاثیر سطوح کود فسفره و ارقام کینوا قرار گرفت (P≤0.01) و برگ­ پاشی سولفات روی تنها بر وزن خشک ریشه، عرض ریشه، فاصله اولین انشعاب تا نوک ریشه، چگالی ریشه، نسبت وزن ریشه به اندام هوایی و پارامترهای اندام هوایی اثر معنی ­دار ایجاد نمود. رقم Q26 به­ عنوان برترین رقم از نظر توسعه ساختار ریشه­ ای شناسایی شد که در سطوح کاربرد 18 میلی­ گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن خاک فسفر و غلظت 4 در هزار سولفات روی بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه (3/23 گرم در بوته)، عرض ریشه (18/06 سانتی­ متر) و فاصله اولین انشعاب تا نوک ریشه (53/23) را دارا بود. در این سطوح مصرف عناصر، بیشترین تعداد دانه در بوته (4542) در رقم Q26 حاصل گردید. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، کاربرد بهینه عناصر با کاهش اثرات آنتاگونیسمی و افزایش اثرات سینرژیستی عناصر فسفر و روی منجر به توسعه ساختار ریشه­ ای، بهبود جذب عناصر و افزایش مولفه­ های تولید ارقام کینوا شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ریشه؛ تعداد دانه در بوته؛ سوپر فسفات تریپل؛ سولفات روی؛ ژنوتیپ؛ کینوا

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