اثر محلول پاشی کیتوزان و سالیسیلیک اسید بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و کیفیت اسانس گیاه بادرنجبویه (.Melissa officinalis L)

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

دوره 16، 4 (64) زمستان، بهمن 1401، صفحه 475-492   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/JCEP.2021.1927610.1791

نویسندگان

نگین صفری کمال آبادی¹؛ ناصر محبعلی پور^{* 2}؛ مهدی اورعی¹؛ حسن نورافکن¹؛ اسد اسدی³

¹گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران

³گروه دامپزشکی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران

چکیده

بادرنجبویه گیاهی بوته­ ای معطر و چند ساله با خواص دارویی و بیولوژیکی است که پراکنش عمده آن مربوط به منطقه مدیترانه و آسیا می­ باشد. اثرات محلول ­پاشی در ابتدای دوره رشد با ترکیبات سالیسیلیک اسید (50، 100، 150 و 200 میلی­ گرم در لیتر) و کیتوزان (50، 100، 150 و 200 میلی­ گرم در لیتر) بر صفات رویشی، درصد اسانس و ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس گیاه بادرنجبویه در دو مرحله مختلف برداشت (رویشی و گلدهی) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین مقدار شاخص کلروفیل از تیمارهای محلول­ پاشی 150 و 200 میلی ­گرم در لیتر کیتوزان به ­دست آمد. استفاده از کیتوزان در تمام غلظت­ ها به جز 50 میلی­ گرم در لیتر به­ طور قابل توجهی ارتفاع گیاه بادرنجبویه را در مقایسه با تیمار عدم محلول­ پاشی بهبود بخشید. وزن خشک برگ و وزن خشک اندام­ های هوایی بوته با افزایش غلظت­ های سالیسیلیک اسید و کیتوزان افزایش یافت. میزان ترکیبات اسانس بادرنجبویه (citronellal, caryophyllene, linalool, carvacrol, α-pinene, geraniol) در مرحله برداشت گلدهی، به ­طور قابل توجهی بالاتر از مرحله برداشت رویشی بود. همچنین، محلول­ پاشی کیتوزان نسبت به سالیسیلیک اسید در افزایش میزان ترکیبات اسانس بادرنجبویه مؤثرتر بود. محتوای اسانس در مرحله برداشت رویشی بین 0/07 و 0/09 درصد و در مرحله برداشت گلدهی بین 0/3 و 0/52 درصد متغیر بود. بیشترین مقدار اسانس (0/52 درصد) از مرحله برداشت گلدهی با محلول ­پاشی 200 میلی­ گرم در لیتر کیتوزان به ­دست آمد. یافته ­های مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که سالیسیلیک اسید و کیتوزان هر دو از پتانسیل بالایی در تولید زیست توده و افزایش ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس در گیاه بادرنجبویه برخوردار می­ باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسانس؛ بادرنجبویه؛ تولید ماده خشک؛ شاخص کلروفیل؛ محرک های زیستی

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