تأثیر درمان مرور زندگی مبتنی بر گرایش هستی-شناسی اسلامی بر انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و تفکر قطعی‌نگر در سالمندان

دانش و پژوهش در روان شناسی کاربردی

دوره 23، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 90، اسفند 1401، صفحه 109-120   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsrp.2020.1913106.2693

نویسنده

زهرا سلگی^*

استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سالمندی، مسائل و مشکلاتی مانند انعطاف­­ناپذیری شناختی و تفکر قطعی­نگر را به همراه دارد. با این وجود این موضوع کمتر مورد توجه پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس هدف اصلی این پژوهش تعیین تأثیر درمان مرور زندگی مبتنی بر گرایش هستی­شناسی اسلامی بر انعطاف­پذیری شناختی و تفکر قطعی­نگر در سالمندان بود. طرح پژوهش به­صورت نیمه­آزمایشی با طرح پیش­آزمون- پس­آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه سالمندان مرکز روزانه نگهداری از سالمندان شهر کرمانشاه بودند. پس از برگزاری پیش­آزمون، تعداد 30 نفر از افرادی که کمترین نمرات را در پرسشنامه­های انعطاف­پذیری شناختی (Dennis & Vander wal, 2010) و بیشترین نمره را در پرسشنامه تفکر قطعی­نگر (Younesi & Mirafzal, 2008) کسب کرده بودند، به روش در دسترس انتخاب و به­صورت تصادفی در دو گروه (هر گروه 15 نفر) آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. مداخله مرور زندگی مبتنی بر گرایش هستی­شناسی اسلامی با فاصله یک هفته طی مدت سه ماه در 12 جلسه 45 دقیقه­ای و هفته­ای یک جلسه برگزار شد. بعد از کنترل اثر نمرات پیش­آزمون، بین دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل از نظر این متغیرها تفاوت معنی­داری مشاهده شد (05/0>P). در مرحله پس­آزمون، میانگین نمرات انعطاف­پذیری شناختی افزایش و تفکر قطعی­نگر کاهش یافت. بر اساس نتایج به­دست آمده، درمان مرور زندگی مبتنی بر گرایش هستی­شناسی اسلامی، بر انعطاف­پذیری شناختی و تفکر قطعی­نگر تأثیر قابل توجهی دارد. بر این اساس، این رویکرد می­تواند به­عنوان یک ابزار مفید برای بهبود مسائل و کاستی­های روان­شناختی سالمندان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مرور زندگی؛ هستی‌شناسی؛ انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی؛ تفکر قطعی‌نگر؛ سالمندی

مراجع

Ataie Moghanloo, V., Ataie Moghanloo, R., Pishvaei, M., & Goudarzian, M. (2017). Treatment Efficacy of Reminders of Life with Emphasis on Integrative Reminiscence on Self-Esteem and Anxiety of Old Widowers. Journal of sabzevar university of Medical Sciences, 23(3), 423-29. [In Persian]

Butler, RN. (1963). The life review: An interpretation of reminiscence in the aged. Psychiatry, 26(1), 65-76.

Crimmins, EM. (2004). Trends in the health of the elderly. Annu Rev Public Health, 25(2): 79-98.

Dennis, JP., & Vander Wal, JS. (2010). The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive therapy and research, 34(3), 241-53.

Duru Aşiret, G., & Dutkun, M. (2018). The effect of reminiscence therapy on the adaptation of elderly women to old age: A randomized clinical trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 41, 124-129.

Elias, SMS., Neville, C., & Scott, T. (2015). The effectiveness of group reminiscence therapy for loneliness, anxiety and depression in older adults in long-term care: A systematic review. Geriatric Nursing, 36(5), 372-380.

Esmaili, M. (2010). Study the effectiveness of life review therapy with emphasis on Islamic ontology on decreasing the symptoms PTSD. Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy, 1(2): 1-20. [In Persian]

Esmaili, M. (2015). Family therapy paradigms. Tehran: Savalan Publishing. [In Persian]

Fazeli, M., EhteshamZade, P., & Hashemi, E. (2014). The effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral therapy on the cognitive flexibility of depressed people. Journal of Thought and behavior in clinical psychology, 9(34), 27-36.

Gheitanchi, S., & Ebrahimi Moghadam, H. (2017). Prediction of Happiness Based on Five Factors Model of Personality and Meta-Cognitive Beliefs in Elderly. Journal of aginig psychology, 2(1): 13-22. [In Persian]

Haight BK, Webster JD. The art and science of reminiscence. Washington DC: Taylor & Francis; 1995.

Karimi, M. (2009). The Effectiveness of Life-Behavioral Therapy in Integration with Emphasis on Ericsson's Theory of Depression in Elderly Women in Yazd. Master's Degree in Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran. [In Persian]

Koohpayeiha, M., Hosseini, A., & Razavi Nematollahi, V. (2014). Relationship between deterministic thinking with creativity and emotional creativity among students of public universities in Tehran city. Quarterly Journal of Initiation and Creativity in human sciences, 3(1), 175-200. [In Persian]

Lan, X., Xiao, H., Chen, Y., & Zhang, X. (2018). Effects of life review intervention on life satisfaction and personal meaning among older adults with frailty. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health service, 56(7), 30-36.

Mahmoudi, M., Ishaqi, M., & Shojaee, J. (2017). Demographic indicators and the latest demographic situation. Tehran: Secretariat of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. [In Persian]

Majzoobi, MR., Momeni, Kh., Amani, R., & Hojjat Khah, M. (2013). The effectiveness of structured group reminiscence on the enhancement of the elderlt, s life quality and happiness. Journal of Developmental Psychology Iranian Psychology, 34(2), 189-99. [In Persian]

Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Frazzetto, P., & Motta, M. (2012). The role of diabetes and aging in the determinism of hypertension and the related cerebrovascular complications. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 55(2), 221-225.

Marshall, M. (2011). Prism of meaning. Guide to the Fundamental Principles of Viktor E. Frankl’s Logotherapy. The Canadian Institute of Logotherapy, Canada: Author (Unpublished). Retrieved from Retrieved from www.logotherapy.ca.

Masuda, A., & Tully, EC. (2012). The Role of Mindfulness and Psychological Flexibility in Somatization, Depression, Anxiety, and General Psychological Distress in a Nonclinical College Sample. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 17(1): 66-71.

Meléndez, J., Fortuna, F., Sales, A., & Mayordomo T. (2015). The effects of instrumental reminiscence on resilience and coping in elderly. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 60(2), 294-298.

Oraki, M., Jahani, F., & Rahmanian, M. (2018). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the psychological flexibility of the elderly women. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 10(1), 47-55. [In Persian]

Pattakos, A., & Dundon, E. (2017). Prisoners of our thoughts: Viktor Frankl's principles for discovering meaning in life and work. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Raivio, M., Kautiainen, H., Immonen, S., & Pitkala, K. (2016). Alcohol use and happiness among retired Finns living in Spain compared to those in Finland. European Geriatric Medicine, 7(1), 3-7.

Rasoolian, S., & Dasht Bozorgi, Z. (2018). The Relationship between religious Adherence, Authentic Personality, Post-Traumatic Growth and Flexibility with Wisdom in Elderly through the Mediation of Self-Coherence. Journal of aginig psychology, 3(4), 229-41. [In Persian]

Recker, A., & chamberlain, K. (2000). Exploring existential meaning: Optimizing human development across the life span. Thousand Oaks, CA: Stage Publications Inc.

Richardson, C., & Jost, S. (2019). Psychological flexibility as a mediator of the association between early life trauma and psychological symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 141(3), 101-106.

Sabbaghi, H., Esmaili, M., & Kalantar Kousheh, S. (2015). The study of the efficacy of life-style treatment with Islamic ontology tendency on adolescent parenting relationships. Research on Islamic Education Issues, 23(26), 139-163. [In Persian]

Safarinia, M., Sharifi Saki, Sh., & Ahmadi, H. (2017). Analyzing the effectiveness of treatment techniques of life Revision on cognitive status of retired men in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Healt Psychology, 20(4), 14-26. [In Persian]

Salmabadi, M., Rajabi, MJ., & Safara, M. (2018). Effectiveness of Training the Review of Life on Life Satisfaction and Sense of Coherence Middle-aged women and elderly nursing home residents in Qazvin. Sija, 13(2), 198-209. [In Persian]

Shah Karami, M. (2014). The effect of life-style treatment with an emphasis on Islamic ontology on marital conflict and decision on marriage sustainability. Senior Thesis. Allame Tabatabai Faculty of Psychology and Education. [In Persian]

Vincent, GK., & Velkoff, VA. (2010). The next four decades: The older population in the United States: 2010 to 2050. US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration: US Census Bureau.

Weiss, JC. (2010). A comparison of cognitive group therapy to life review group therapy with adults [PhD dissertation]. Morgantown: West Virginia University.

Westerhof, GJ., Bohlmeijer, ET., Van Beljouw, IM., & Pot, AM. (2010). Improvement in personal meaning mediates the effects of a life review intervention on depressive symptoms in a randomized controlled trial. The Gerontologist, 50(4), 541-49.

Yazdanbakhsh, K. (2017). Effects of life review on social adjustment of retirees' elderly persons. Journal of aginig psychology, 1(3), 179-85. [In Persian]

Younesi, J., & Mirafzal, A. (2007). Development of deterministic thinking questionnaire. Paper presented at: 10th European Congress of Psychology Prague Czech Re-public; Prague, Czech.

Younesi, J., & Mirafzal, AA. (2013). Development of deterministic thinking scale based on Iranian culture. Psychology, 4(11), 808-12. [In Persian]

Younesi, S. (2005). Knowledge or excitement: Where does cognitive therapy come to a dead end? Tehran: University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. [In Persian]

Zhou, W., He, G., Gao, J., Yuan, Q., Feng, H., & Zhang, C. (2012). The effects of group reminiscence therapy on depression, self-esteem, and affect balance of Chinese community-dwelling elderly. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 54(3), e440-47.