Optimal window area of a kinetic facade to provide daylight in an office building in Tehran.

Space Ontology International Journal

مقاله 5، دوره 11، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 43، اسفند 2022، صفحه 61-75   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22094/soij.2023.1974388.1523

نویسندگان

Fataneh Sangtarash¹؛ Rima Fayaz^{* 2}؛ niloufar Nikghadam³؛ Mohammad Reza Matini⁴

¹Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Iran.

²Department of Architectural Technology, Tehran University of Art, Iran.

³Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.

⁴Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tehran University of Art, Iran.

چکیده

Window to wall area ratio (WWR) is an important parameter that greatly affects the energy efficiency of a building. The aim of this research is to achieve the optimal level of the window area together with a squared geometry rotational kinematic model having horizontal axis in the south facade of an office building in Tehran.
In order to evaluate the indoor daylight level, dynamic daylight indicators with WWR from 50 to 90 % and facade kinematic model have been simulatted using Grasshopper tool and Honeybee Plus plugin version 06 and Ladybug Lbt version 1.5.0. through parametric simulation were studied parametric. First kinetic facade and its movement structures are introduced, then the daylight indices and the required lighting level for an office space have been discussed. The simulation is carried out using two models of optical and thermal properties in the office building, where in the base model, the ratio of the optimal WWR is up to 60%, for a facade with a square geometric model and a rotating kinematic model with a horizontal axis.
To optimize the results, the reflection coefficients of the floor, wall, the visual transmission coefficient of the glass and the viewing angle (45 to 95 degrees) were parametrically studied. The results showed that on the south facade of the office building in Tehran, using a kinetic facade with a rotational kinematic model and horizontal axis, the optimal WWR is 50%.

کلیدواژه‌ها

window to wall ratio؛ kinetic facade؛ kinematic model؛ dynamic daylight؛ simulation

مراجع

Başar, C. “. (2014). Topolojik Ve Deneyimsel Bağlamlar Üzerinden İncelenmesi”. Istanbul, Turkey: Master Thesis, Istanbul Technical University.

Berardi, U., & Khademi Anaraki , H. (2015). nalysis of the Impacts of Light Shelves on the Useful Daylight Illuminance in Office Buildings in Toronto. 6th International Building Physics Conference,www.sciencedirect.com, 1793 – 1798.

BS EN-12464-1. (2021). Light and lighting. Lighting of work places Indoor work places. BSI standards.

Christoph F, R., Alstan Jakubiec, J., & Ibarra, D. (2013). Defination Of A Refrence Office For Standardized Evaluations Of Dynamic Facade And Lighting Technologies. 13th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambéry, France, 26-28.

Compilation and promotion of national building regulations. (2017). Iran's national building regulations, topic 13, design and implementation of electrical installations of buildings. tehran: Iran Development Publishing.

Elkhayat, Y. (2014). Interactive Movement In Kinetic Architecture. Journal of Engineering Sciences Assiut University Faculty of Engineering, 816-845.

Elghazi, Y., Wagdy, A., & Abdalwahab, S. (2015). Simulation Driven Design For Kinetic System; Optimize Kaleidocycle Façade Configuration For Daylighting Adequacy In Hot Arid Climates. 14th Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Hyderabad, India, 7-9.

Elghazi, Y., Wagdy, A., Mohamed, S., & Hassan, A. (2014). Daylighting Driven Design: Optimizing Kaleidocycle Facade For Hot Arid Climate. Fifth German-Austrian IBPSA Conference RWTH Aachen University, 314-321.

Erlendsson, Ö. (2014). Daylight Optimization-A Parametric Study of Atrium Design: Early Stage Design Guidelines of Atria for Optimization of Daylight Autonomy. Sweden: School of Architecture and the Built Environment.

Fakhari, M., Fayaz, R., & Mehravar, M. (2021). Explanation of the optimal range of lighting intensity in office spaces in Tehran. Scientific Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning of Iran. twelfth period number 1, 79-92.

Fedai Ardestani, M. A., Naseri Mubaraki, H., Ayatollahi, M., & Zamardian, Z. S. (2018). Evaluation of daylight and glare in classrooms using dynamic index, case study: Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University. Scientific and Research Quarterly of Architecture and Urban Planning, Year 28, Number 83, 25-40.

Fox. (2009). Interactive Architecture. New York,: Princeton Architectural Press.

Ghisi, E., & Tinker, J. (2005). An Ideal Window Area Concept for Energy Efficient Integration of Daylight and Artificial Light in Buildings. Build. Environ.

Guide for measurement and evaluation of lighting in the work environment, i. o. (2017). Guide to measuring and evaluating lighting in the workplace. Hamedan: Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Vice President of Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Center: Student Publications.

Haddadzadegan, H., Tahsildoost, M., & Zamardian, Z. S. (2020). Evaluation of the sensitivity of architectural variables of high-rise buildings in thermal performance and energy consumption in different climates. Scientific journal of hot and dry climate architecture. Year 8, number 12, 245-261.

Herzog, T., Krippner, R., & Lang, W. (2017). Facade Construction Manual. Munich: DETAIL Business Information GmbH.

Hesaraki, b. (2017). A methodology for code-compliant design based on life-cycle analysis for housing in cold climates. Thesis, Master of Science,https://doi.org/10.7939/R37D2QK83.

Heydari, S. (2012). Architecture and lighting. tehran: University of Tehran.

Hosseini, N., & HeiraniPour, M. (2020). The Role of Orosi's Islamic Geometric Patterns in the Building Façade Design for Improving Occupants' Daylight Performance. Published by solarlits.com. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)., 201-221.

Jewel , R., Rakibul , H., Habibur , R., & W. Y. Tam, V. (2020). Impact assessment of window to wall ratio on energy consumption of an office building of subtropical monsoon climatic country Bangladesh. International Journal of Construction Management, DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2020.1808561, 1-26.

Johnson, R., Sullivan, R., Selkowitz, S., Nozaki, S., Conner, C., & Arasteh, D. (1984). Glazing Energy Performance and Design Optimization with Daylighting. Energy Build, 305–317.

Khatibi, A., Shahbazi, M., & Tarabi, V. (2022). Evaluating the intensity of lighting in office spaces and providing an interventional solution to reduce glare in them. Case study: an office building in Tehran. Architecture and Sustainable Urbanism, 10th year, 2nd issue, 153.

Kontovourkis, O., Michael, A., Alexandrou, K., & Vassiliades, C. (2015). Lighting performance simulation and adaptive control of an advanced building skin based on human behaviour inputs. 10th International Conference On Advanced Building Skins, Bern Switzerland,, 1340-1349.

Korkmaz, K. (2004). An Analytical Study of the Design Potentials in Kinetic Architecture. Istanbul. İzmir: Institute of Technology.

LM-83-12, I. (2012). Approved Method: IES Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE). North America: the Illuminating Engineering Society.

Mangkuto, R., Donny Koerniawan, M., Apriliyanthi, S., Handayani Lubis, I., Atthaillah, Hensen, J., & Paramita, B. (2022). Design Optimisation of Fixed and Adaptive Shading Devices on Four Façade Orientations of a High-Rise Office Building in the Tropics. Buildings, 12-25. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010025

Mohaghegh, H., Falah Zavareh, Z., Turkashund, A., & Faizi, M. (2021). The application of the geometry of Islamic motifs in improving the function of light in moving scenes. Islamic Architecture Research Quarterly / Number 32 / Autumn / Year 9, 171-192.

Moloney, J. (2011). Designing kinetics for architectural facades: state change. USA: Taylor & Francis, 7-8.

Moulai, M. M., Pileh Chiha, P., & Shadanfar, A. (2019). Optimizing opening proportions and lighting fronts with the approach of reducing energy consumption in office buildings. Naqsh Jahan Scientific-Research Quarterly, Volume 9, Number 2, 118-123.

Nabil, A., & Mardaljevic, J. (2006). Useful daylight illuminances: A replacement for daylight factors. Energy Build., 38, 905–913.

Nadeem, A., Sharipov, A., & Abzhanov, Y. (2021). Assessing the Energy Efficiency and Daylight Performance of Windows in Buildings in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. Green Building & Construction Economics, 29.

Nasiri, Y., Hafizi, M., Tahsildoost, M., & Zamardian, Z. S. (2019). Parametric analysis of energy in the early stages of designing high-rise office buildings in Tehran. Quarterly Journal of Urban Planning and Policy Studies, 143-167.

National Building Regulations Office. (2017). The fourth topic of general building requirements. tehran: Iran Development Publishing.

Office of technical affairs and compilation of budget program organization criteria. (1998). Design criteria for office buildings. tehran: Zahul edition Institute.

Pourahmadi, M., Khan Mohammadi, M. A., & Muzaffar, F. (2020). Analytical investigation of the effect of the physical parameters of the shell in creating visual comfort in the traditional houses of the hot and dry climate of Iran (case example: five-door rooms in the traditional houses of Yazd). Architectural Thought Quarterly, Scientific Journal, 4th year, 8th issue., 153-135.

Resolution of the Supreme Administrative Council. (2011). Organization of the administrative spaces of the executive bodies of the country. Deputy for compiling, revising and publishing laws and regulations.

Rogers, Z. (2006). Daylighting Metric Development Using Daylight Autonomy Calculations in the Sensor Placement Optimization Tool; Archit. Energy Corp.: Boulder, CO, USA Available online:http://www.daylightinginnovations.com/system/public_assets/original/SPOT_Daylight% 20Autonomy%20Report.pdf (accessed on 8 March 2022).

Rostamzadeh, S., Faizi, M., Sanyayan, H., & Khakzand, M. (2021). Parametric design of moving facade with the aim of improving lighting efficiency and visual comfort, case study: office buildings in Tehran. Architecture and Urbanism Letter, 13th year, number 31, 85-100.

Sarihi, S., Faizi, M., & Mehdizadeh Siraj, F. (2022). The priority of facade improvement solutions for energy efficiency in existing office buildings in Tehran. Manzar Magazine, 14 (59), 30-39.

Sayadi, S., Hayati, A., & Salmanzadeh, M. (2021). Optimization of Window-to-Wall Ratio for Buildings Located in Different Climates: An IDA-Indoor Climate and Energy Simulation Study. Energies, https://doi.org/10.3390/en14071974, 2-21.

Schumacher, M. S. (2010). Move: Architecture in motion-Dynamic Components and Elements . Basel: Birkhduser.

Schumacher, M., Marcus, M., Luis A, V., & Krumme, C. (2019). Architektur in Bewegung – Neue dynamische Komponenten und Bauteile. German: Birkhäuser.

Shaeri, J., Habibi, A., Yaghoubi, M., & Chokhachian, A. (2019). The Optimum Window-to-Wall Ratio in Office Buildings for Hot-Humid, Hot-Dry, and Cold Climates in Iran. Environments,doi:10.3390/environments6040045, 6-45.

Sharaidin, K. (2014). Kinetic facades: towards design for environmental performance. RMIT University: Thesis Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

Suk, J. Y. (2016). Investigation of existing discomfort glare indices using human subject study data. Building and Environment,Sol Energy78,, 15–28

Online References

Climate.onebuilding.org. (2022, 4 3). Retrieved from climate.onebuilding.org: https://climate.onebuilding.org/WMO_Region_2_Asia/IRN_Iran/index.html