تکنیک‌های پرایمینگ بذر برای افزایش تولید سبزیجات

فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 17، شماره 4، اسفند 1401، صفحه 8-21   

نوع مقاله: مروری

نویسندگان

مانی جباری^{* 1}؛ میترا جباری²

¹کارشناس ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

²کارشناس ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

محصولات باغی به ویژه سبزیجات به دلیل حجم کم و ارزش بالا لازم است از فناوری آماده کردن بذر بهره ‌برند. کاشت زودهنگام سبزیجات در محیط‌های غیربهینه اغلب برای دریافت سود بهتر در بازار انجام می‌شود، اگرچه به طور همزمان کشاورزان را مجبور می‌کند تا از قوه نامیه بذر بالا برای جبران تولید نشاء استفاده کنند. برای مقابله با این مشکل، کشاورزان و شرکت‌های تولید بذر در سراسر جهان، تکنیک‌های پرایمینگ بذرها را انجام می‌دهند، زیرا همزمانی در گلدهی و باردهی را تسهیل می‌کند و در نتیجه عملکرد بهبود می‌یابد. استراتژی های مختلف آماده سازی مورد استفاده برای تیمار بذر به دو دسته معمولی/تهاجمی (هیدرو، اسمو، هورمونی، هاله، ماتریکس جامد، مواد مغذی، زیستی یا نانو پرایمینگ) و فیزیکی/غیرتهاجمی (مغناطیسی، اشعه ماوراء بنفش) طبقه‌بندی می‌شوند. مزایای آماده سازی بذر شامل: زمان سبز شدن گیاه، هزینه کاشت مجدد، آبیاری و کوددهی اضافی، مدیریت علف‌های هرز، رشد یکنواخت. بررسی جامع در مورد تکنیک‌های آماده سازی بذر اعمال شده در محصولات کم حجم مانند سبزیجات مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است. این بررسی مزایای تکنیک‌های مختلف آماده سازی بذر برای سبزیجات را بیان می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پروتئین؛ جوانه زنی؛ خواب بذر؛ محصولات باغی؛ نشاسته

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