تأثیر کاربرد برگی هورمون‌های جیبرلین و کینیتین بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی هیبریدهای ذرت (.Zea mays L)

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

دوره 17، 1 (65) بهار، اردیبهشت 1402، صفحه 83-100   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/JCEP.2023.1913609.1728

نویسندگان

عقیل عالی پور؛ طیب ساکی نژاد^* ؛ شهرام لک؛ علیرضا شکوه فر؛ مجتبی علوی فاضل

گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

در مدیریت به‌زراعی ذرت، علاوه بر تأمین بذر هیبرید مناسب، عوامل دیگری از جمله هورمون‌های گیاهی نیز اهمیت دارند از این رو این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر نوع بذر هیبرید و کاربرد برگی هورمون‌های جیبرلین و کینتین بر شاخص‌های رشدی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی ذرت در شهرستان اهواز در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات طی دو سال زراعی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. هیبریدهای ذرت دانه‌ای شامل سینگل‌کراس 704 (دیررس)، 616 (متوسط‌رس) و 71AS (متوسط‌ رس) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و محلول‌پاشی کینتین/جیبرلین در سه سطح صفر، 200/150 و 400/300 پی‌پی‌ام به عنوان فاکتور فرعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که اثر ساده نوع هیبرید و محلول‌پاشی کینتین/جیبرلین بر ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، کلروفیل‌های a، b و کل و درصد پروتئین دانه از نظر آماری مؤثر بود. همچنین، اثر متقابل محلول‌پاشی کینتین/جیبرلین در هیبرید بر روی ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، وزن خشک اندام‌هوایی، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، کلروفیل‌های a، b و کل ودرصد پروتئین دانه و اثر متقابل هیبرید در محلول‌پاشی کینتین/جیبرلین در سال بر شاخص سطح برگ هیبریدهای مختلف ذرت تأثیر معنی­ دار آماری داشت. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقادیر صفات مورد بررسی در هر دو سال زراعی در سینگل کراس 704 ذرت و پس از محلول‌پاشی جیبرلین/کینتین به نسبت 200/150 پی‌پی‌ام به‌دست آمد. نسبت جیبرلین/کینتین 200/150 پی‌پی‌ام در همه هیبریدها، تأثیر بهتری بر صفات مختلف مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی داشت. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت که صفات بسیار مهمی هستند، مربوط به رقم سینگل کراس 704 همراه با محلول‌پاشی هورمون‌ها به نسبت 200/150 پی‌پی‌ام بود. با توجه به‌نتایج به‌دست آمده، استفاده از هیبرید سینگل کراس 704 ذرت و محلول‌پاشی آن با جیبرلین و کینتین به نسبت 200/150 پی‌پی‌ام می ­تواند مورد توجه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

جیبرلین؛ عملکرد؛ کلروفیل؛ کینتین؛ هیبریدهای ذرت

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