نگاهی به تاریخچه و فیلوژنی گونه گل محمدی (Rosa × damascena)

اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی

مقاله 7، دوره 11، شماره 1، فروردین 1402، صفحه 100-108   

نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ejmp.2023.1982473.1724

نویسنده

مهرنوش پناهی^*

گروه گیاه شناسی موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع ، تهران ، ایران

چکیده

گونه گل محمدی (Rosa × damascena) از مهمترین گونه­های تیره گل سرخیان (Rosaceae) در ایران است که در گـستره کوهـستانی ایـران از پهنه­های غربی کشور تا کوهپایـه­هـای مرکزی و شرقی تکثیر می­یابد. این گونه به لحاظ کاربرد در صنایع دارویی و عطرسازی حائز اهمیت است. براساس مطالعات گسترده­ای که بر روی ژنوتیپ­های این گونه در ایران صورت گرفته تنوع قابل ملاحظه­ای مشاهده شده است و ایران به عنوان مرکزی دارای پتانسیل در ایجاد تنوع ژنتیکی و اصلاح ارقام این گونه می­تواند درنظر گرفته شود. به نظر می­رسد این گونه می­تواند مهمترین جد مستقیم واریته های شمال غرب اروپایی بخشه Rosa در جنس Rosa بوده باشد که به صورت دورگی از سه گونه رز وحشی بوجود آمده و گونه R. moschata گونه والد مادری آسیایی آن است. طبق شواهد فسیل بدست آمده آسیا به عنوان ناحیه اجدادی برای جنس Rosa پیشنهاد می‌شود و بخش Synstylae  از این جنس به عنوان قدیمی­ترین گروه در حدود 30 میلیون سال پیش به سمت اروپا گسترش یافته است. فیلوژنی این جنس مشکل، نشان می­دهد که ارایه تحلیلی در چارچوب تکاملی نیازمند مطالعات بیشتر است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

ایران؛ دورگ؛ رز؛ فیلوژنی؛ گل محمدی

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