مروری بر تحلیل بیولوژیک نظریه تکاملی داروین بر منشاء پیدایش حیات سلولی در زمین

فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری

دوره 15، شماره 4، شهریور 1402، صفحه 1-23   

نوع مقاله: مقالات مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/ascij.2023.1978217.1458

نویسنده

نعیمه شیبائی^*

گروه کشاورزی، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران

چکیده

نحوه پیدایش زندگی سلولی هنوز نامعلوم است. با توجه به نظریه تکاملی داروین مبنی بر اینکه همه گونه‌های حیات، در اثر فرایند انتخاب طبیعی، از یک نیای مشترک نشات گرفته­اند، برخی منشأ حیات را فرآیندی تصادفی فرض کرده­اند که طی آن حیات از مواد غیرزنده مانند ترکیبات آلی ساده به وجود آمده است. فرضیه غالب این است که گذار از موجودات غیرزنده به موجودات زنده یک رویداد واحد نبود، بلکه یک فرآیند تکاملی پیچیده­ای بوده که پس از شکل­گیری زمین بعد از انفجار بزرگ، در اثر تبدیل ملکول­های معدنی به ملکول­های آلی شروع شده و سپس با ایجاد خود بخودی ملکول­های آلی با قابلیت خود همانندسازی، مونتاژ، اتوکاتالیزی و سپس ظهور غشای سلولی، طبیعت توانسته است بهترین ترکیباتی که قابلیت گسترش در زمین را داشته­اند انتخاب نموده و بعنوان سلول پروکاریوت و در مراحل بعدی بعنوان اجداد سلول‌های یوکاریوتی برای زندگی در زمین گسترش دهد. در این تحقیق، ابعاد مختلف احتمال پیدایش تصادفی سلول اولیه تشریح شده و چالش­های مربوط به آنها از جنبه­های مختلف علوم زیست­شناسی سلولی و ژنتیک بررسی می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تکامل داروین؛ پیدایش اولیه سلول؛ پیدایش حیات؛ نظریه سلولی؛ زیست شناسی سلولی

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