تاثیر کاربرد همزمان نیتروکسین و بیوچار بر شاخص های رشد و عملکرد دانه لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی (.Vigna unguiculata L) تحت رژیم های آبیاری

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

دوره 17، 2(66) تابستان، خرداد 1402، صفحه 147-168   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/JCEP.2023.1921202.1765

نویسندگان

سید افشین موسوی¹؛ علیرضا شکوه فر^{* 2}؛ شهرام لک³؛ مانی مجدم²؛ مجتبی علوی فاضل⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز،‌ ایران

²استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز،‌ ایران

³استاد گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز،‌ ایران

⁴دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز،‌ ایران

چکیده

با توجه به محدودیت منابع آبی کشور ضرورت یافتن راهکارهای بهینه مصرف آب در تولید محصولات زراعی در کنار کاهش کاربرد نهاده­ های شیمیایی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1397 به­ صورت کرت­ های خرد شده فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­ های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به­ منظور ارزیابی اثر کاربرد همزمان بیوچار و نیتروکسین بر شاخص­ های رشد و عملکرد لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی تحت رژیم ­های مختلف آبیاری، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شهید سالمی اهواز اجرا گردید. رژیم آبیاری شامل آبیاری پس از 60، 90 و 120 میلی ­متر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر کلاس A به کرت­ های اصلی و کاربرد بیوچار شامل صفر، چهار و هشت تن در هکتار و نیتروکسین شامل تلقیح و عدم تلقیح به کرت­ های فرعی اختصاص داده شد. کاربرد هشت تن در هکتار بیوچار به همراه نیتروکسین موجب بهبود 12% محتوای آب نسبی در شرایط تنش شدید شد. سطح آبیاری 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر موجب کاهش 33% عملکرد دانه شده و کاربرد نیتروکسین در شرایط نرمال موجب افزایش 19% عملکرد دانه شد اما در سطح آبیاری 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر تأثیر معنی‌دار بر عملکرد دانه نداشت. کاربرد بیوچار در شرایط بدون تنش موجب افزایش 37% عملکرد دانه شد که این تغییرات در سطح آبیاری 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر به 29% رسید. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (266 گرم در مترمربع) از شرایط بدون تنش و استفاده از هشت تن در هکتار بیوچار حاصل شد. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک در شرایط و کاربرد هشت تن در هکتار بیوچار و عدم استفاده از نیتروکسین (809 گرم در مترمربع) حاصل شد. کاربرد هشت تن در هکتار بیوچار در تلفیق با نیتروکسین می­ تواند عملکرد قابل قبولی در شرایط محدودیت آبیاری لوبیا چشم بلبلی ایجاد کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش خشکی؛ سطح برگ؛ کود زیستی؛ ماده خشک

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