ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس ارضای نیازهای بنیادین در روابط با دوستان در دانشجویان

دانش و پژوهش در روان شناسی کاربردی

دوره 24، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 92، شهریور 1402، صفحه 121-132   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsrp.2020.1866132.1795

نویسندگان

فرهاد تنهای رشوانلو^{* 1}؛ طلیعه سعیدی رضوانی²؛ هادی صمدیه³؛ حسین کارشکی⁴

¹دکتری روان‌شناسی تربیتی، گروه روان‌شناسی، موسسه آموزش عالی غیردولتی غیر انتفاعی شاندیز، مشهد، ایران

²دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی تربیتی، گروه روان‌شناسی مشاوره و تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

³استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

⁴دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی مشاوره و تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش اعتباریابی و بررسی ساختار عاملی مقیاس ارضای نیازهای بنیادین در روابط با دوستان در دانشجویان بود. در یک طرح توصیفی و اعتباریابی آزمون، طی دو مطالعه به ترتیب 172 و 228 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه بیرجند به شیوۀ نمونه­گیری تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند و مقیاس‌های ارضای نیازهای بنیادین در روابط (La Guardia, et al., 2000) ، احساس تنهایی اجتماعی و عاطفی بزرگسالان (Ditommaso et al., 2004) ، رضایت از زندگی (Diener et al., 1985) و افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس (Lovibond, & Lovibond, 1995) را تکمیل کردند. همسانی درونی، روایی عاملی اکتشافی، تأییدی، ملاکی و سازه با نرم افزارهای SPSS.16 و AMOS.24 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مقیاس، ساختاری سه عاملی با واریانس تبیین شده 92/70 درصد دارد. تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مرتبۀ دوم نیز به تأیید رسید. مقیاس از پایایی سازۀ مناسبی برخوردار بود. روایی همگرای مقیاس در مورد رضایت از زندگی و روایی واگرای آن در ارتباط با احساس تنهایی اجتماعی و افسردگی به تأیید رسید (01/0≥P). بر حسب سن، جنسیت و وضعیت تأهل نیز تفاوت معناداری به دست نیامد (05/0<P). به نظر می‌رسد، مقیاس ارضای نیازهای بنیادین در روابط، در دانشجویان از پایایی و روایی مناسبی برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نیازهای بنیادین؛ روابط دوستانه؛ ساختار عاملی؛ اعتباریابی؛ دانشجویان

مراجع

Coatsworth, J. D., & Conroy, D. E. (2009). The effects of autonomy-supportive coaching need satisfaction, and self-perceptions on initiative and identity in youth swimmers. Developmental Psychology, 45, 320–328.

Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological bulletin, 112(1), 155-159.

Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A First Course in Factor Analysis, 2nd Edn. Hillsdale, NJ.

Davari, A., & Rezazade, A. (2014). Structural equation modeling with PLS software. Tehran: Jahad Daneshgahi [Persian].

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of research in personality, 19(2), 109-134.

Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49(1), 71-75.

Ditommaso, E., Brannen, C., & Best, L. A. (2004). Measurement and validity characteristics of the short version of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64(1), 99-119.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.

Furrer, C., & Skinner, E. (2003). Sense of relatedness as a factor in children's academic engagement and performance. Journal of educational psychology, 95(1), 148-162.

González, L., Tomás, I., Castillo, I., Duda, J. L., & Balaguer, I. (2017). A test of basic psychological needs theory in young soccer players: time‐lagged design at the individual and team levels. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 27(11), 1511-1522.

Guilbault, V., & Philippe, F. L. (2017). Commitment in romantic relationships as a function of partners’ encoding of important couple-related memories. Memory, 25(5), 595-606.

Hadden, B. W., Rodriguez, L. M., Knee, C. R., & Porter, B. (2015). Relationship autonomy and support provision in romantic relationships. Motivation and Emotion, 39(3), 359-373.

Jowkar, B., & Salimi, A. (2011). Psychometric properties of the short form of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults (SELSA-S). International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 5(4), 311-317.

Kanat‐Maymon, Y., Roth, G., Assor, A., & Raizer, A. (2016). Controlled by love: The harmful relational consequences of perceived conditional positive regard. Journal of Personality, 84(4), 446-460.

Karami, M., Kadivar, P., Ghanbari Panah, A., & Estaki, M. (2018). Modeling of Personality Traits and Goal Orientation by Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation and Self Determination in Male High School Students. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches, 13(51), 163-183 [Persian].

Kashdan, T. B., Mishra, A., Breen, W. E., & Froh, J. J. (2009). Gender differences in gratitude: Examining appraisals, narratives, the willingness to express emotions, and changes in psychological needs. Journal of personality, 77(3), 691-730.

Ketabi, A. M. (2012). Psychometric properties of the test of basic psychological needs and its relationship with psychological well-being in students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran. Unpublished Thesis, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran [Persian].

Keyhan, J., & Kazemzadehbeytali, M. (2018). The effect of teacher autonomy support and causality orientations of autonomy on educational alienation of second grade high school students with mediating role basic psychological needs. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 19(3), 90-100 [Persian].

Koh, K. T., Wang, J. C., Erikson, K., & Côté, J. (2012). Experience in competitive youth sport and needs satisfaction: The Singapore story. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 43(1), 15-32.

La Guardia, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Within-person variation in security of attachment: a self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 79(3), 367-384.

Langdon, J., Sturges, D., & Schlote, R. (2018). Flipping the Classroom: Effects on Course Experience, Academic Motivation, and Performance in an Undergraduate Exercise Science Research Methods Course. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 18(4), 13-27.

Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behavior research and therapy, 33(3), 335-343.

MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological methods, 4(1), 84-99.

Maroufizadeh, S., Ghaheri, A., Samani, R. O., & Ezabadi, Z. (2016). Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) in Iranian infertile women. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine, 14(1), 57-62.

Mauras, C. P., Grolnick, W. S., & Friendly, R. W. (2013). Time for “the talk”... Now what? Autonomy support and structure in mother-daughter conversations about sex. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 33(4), 458-481.

Milyavskaya, M., Gingras, I., Mageau, G. A., Koestner, R., Gagnon, H., Fang, J., & Boiché, J. (2009). Balance across contexts: Importance of balanced need satisfaction across various life domains. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(8), 1031-1045.

Moradi, M., Sheikholeslami, R., Ahmadzadeh, M., & Cheraghi, A. (2014). Social support, basic psychological needs and psychological well-being: examining a causal model in employed women. Journal of Developmental psychology (Iranian Psychologists), 10(39), 297-309 [Persian].

Patrick, H., Knee, C. R., Canevello, A., & Lonsbary, C. (2007). The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(3), 434-457.

Philippe, F. L., Koestner, R., & Lekes, N. (2013). On the directive function of episodic memories in people's lives: A look at romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(1), 164-179.

Ratelle, C. F., Simard, K., & Guay, F. (2013). University students’ subjective well-being: The role of autonomy support from parents, friends, and the romantic partner. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(3), 893-910.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications.

Ryan, R. M., Curren, R. R., & Deci, E. L. (2013). What humans need: Flourishing in Aristotelian philosophy and self-determination theory. In A. S. Waterman (Ed.), The best within us: Positive psychology perspectives on eudaimonia (pp. 57-75). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.

Sahebi, A., Asghari, M., & Salari, R. (2005). Validation of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) for an Iranian Population. Journal of Developmental psychology (Iranian Psychologists), 1(4), 36-54 [Persian].

Saunders, C., Huta, V., & Sweet, S. N. (2018). Physical Activity, Well‐Being, and the Basic Psychological Needs: Adopting the SDT Model of Eudaimonia in a Post‐Cardiac Rehabilitation Sample. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 10(3), 347-367.

Sheldon, K. M., & Niemiec, C. P. (2006). It's not just the amount that counts: Balanced need satisfaction also affects well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 91(2), 331-341.

Simões, F., & Alarcão, M. (2014). Promoting well-being in school-based mentoring through basic psychological needs support: Does it really count?. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(2), 407-424.

Sjöblom, K., Mälkki, K., Sandström, N., & Lonka, K. (2016). Does Physical Environment Contribute to Basic Psychological Needs? A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Learning in the Chemistry Laboratory. Frontline Learning Research, 4(1), 17-39.

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2015). Using Multivariate Statistics (Baloğlu, M., Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.

Taylor, I. M., & Bruner, M. W. (2012). The social environment and developmental experiences in elite youth soccer. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(4), 390-396.

Uysal, A., Lin, H. L., Knee, C. R., & Bush, A. L. (2012). The association between self-concealment from one’s partner and relationship well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(1), 39-51.

Van den Broeck, A., Ferris, D. L., Chang, C. H., & Rosen, C. C. (2016). A review of self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs at work. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1195-1229.

Wang, R., Liu, H., Jiang, J., & Song, Y. (2017). Will materialism lead to happiness? A longitudinal analysis of the mediating role of psychological needs satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 105, 312-317.