Highly Porous Bi(III) Modified Rice Husk Silica Photocatalyst for the Photocatalytic Removal of Cationic Methylene Blue

Iranian Journal of Catalysis

مقاله 8، دوره 13، شماره 3، آذر 2023، صفحه 359-372   

نوع مقاله: Articles

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ijc.2023.1992759.2033

نویسندگان

Normawati Jasni¹؛ Anwar Iqbal^{* 1}؛ N. H. H Abu Bakar¹؛ Dede Heri Yuli Yanto²؛ Hor Jia Yi¹؛ Noor Haida Mohd Kaus¹؛ Mohd Norazmi Ahmad³؛ Sri Mulijani⁴

¹School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia

²Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia

³Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

⁴Department of Chemistry, Bogor Agriculture University-Bogor-Indonesia, Indonesia

چکیده

A series of bismuth-silicate photocatalysts were synthesized via the sol-gel method for photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under sunlight irradiation, utilizing rice husk ash as a silica precursor. The scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis detected Bi content in 3-10 wt% range. Furthermore, it can be seen that the porosity decreased as the Bi concentration increased. The N₂ adsorption-desorption analysis indicates the presence of mesopores with an average diameter of 297-554 Å with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 5.6-30.5 m²/g. The photocatalyst with a Bi concentration of 4 wt% (RHSBi-A2) was the most active in the photodegradation of MB; the removal reached 90% within 4 h. The photodegradation is proposed to be driven by superoxide ( ), hydroxyl (•OH) radicals, and hole (h⁺) based on the valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) potentials. The porous silica framework is proposed to act as an electron reservoir, allowing better MB adsorption and enhancing light absorption.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Bismuth؛ Mesoporous silica؛ Methylene blue؛ Photocatalyst؛ Rice husk؛ Sunlight

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