A Biosensor for the Detection of Type b3a2 Related to Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia by Using Locked Nucleic Acid, Molecular Switching, Magnetic Nanoparticles, and Enzymatic Signal Amplification

Journal of Advanced Materials and Processing

دوره 10، شماره 4، بهمن 2022، صفحه 57-65   

نوع مقاله: Research Paper

نویسندگان

Hamzeh Amoshahi¹؛ Mohammad Reza Mohammad Shafiee^{* 2}؛ Shabnam Kermani³؛ Mehrosadat Mirmohammadi⁴

¹Department of Chemistry, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

²Department of Chemistry, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

³Department of Tissue Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

⁴Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran.

چکیده

A novel electrochemical method was developed for the detection of Type b3a2 (BCR/ABL gene) as a biomarker of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia that is based on the use of locked nucleic acid incorporating LNA switching, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NP_S), and enzymatic signal amplification. The quality of the biosensor was proven by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. The LNA probe was modified by NH₂ and biotin at its 3-end and 5-end, respectively. After unfolding the loop-and-stem structure of the probe, it was hybridized with Type b3a2, which makes the biotin stay away from the surface of Fe₃O₄ NP_S. Type b3a2 can be evaluated quantitatively using electrochemical detection of the benzoquinone enzymatic product with the presence of H₂O₂ and hydroquinone via the particular interaction between SA-HRP and biotin. Particular and selective Type b3a2 detection was obtained over an extensive concentration range from 50 femtometer (fM) to 5 micrometer (µM) in a low limit of detection of 17 fM via the biosensor.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Biosensor؛ Fe3O4 nanoparticles؛ Nucleic acid؛ Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

مراجع

[1] P.J. Fialkow, S.M. Gartler, A. Yoshida, "Clonal origin of chronic myelocytic leukemia in man", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.,Vol. 58, 1967,pp. 1468-1471.

[2] H.M. Kantarjian, A. Deisseroth, R. Kurzrock, "Chronic myelogenous leukemia: A Concise Update", Blood.Vol. 82, 1993, pp.  691-703.

[3] E.C. Jorge, T. Moshe, K. Hagop, "Chronic myelogenous leukemia: A review", Am. J. Med., Vol. 100, 1996, pp. 555-570.

[4]  J. Wang, "From DNA biosensors to gene chips", Nucleic Acids Res., Vol. 28, 2000, pp. 3011-3016.

[5] D. Zhang, Y. Chen, H.Y. Chen, X.H. Xia, "Silica-nanoparticle-based interface for the enhanced immobilization and sequence-specific detection of DNA", Anal. Bioanal. Chem., Vol. 379, 2004, pp. 1025-1030.

[6] K.J. Feng, Y.H. Yang, Z.J. Wang, J.H. Jiang, G.L. Shen, R.Q. Yu, "A nano-porous CeO2/Chitosan composite film as the immobilization matrix for colorectal cancer DNA sequence-selective electrochemical biosensor", Talanta., Vol. 70, 2006, pp. 561-565.

[7] C.D. Riccardi, K. Dahmouche, C.V. Santilli, P.I. Costa, H, Yamanaka, "Immobiliza‐tion of streptavidin in sol-gel films: application on the diagnosis of Hepatitis C virus", Talanta., Vol. 70, 2006, pp. 637-643.

[8] S. Laurent, D. Forge, M. Port, A. Roch, C. Robic, L.V. Elst, "Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications", Chem. Rev., Vol. 108, 2008, pp. 2064-2110.

[9]  J. Yang, E.K. Lim, H.J. Lee, J. Park, S.C. Lee, K. Lee, " Fluorescent magnetic nanohybrids as multimodal imaging agents for human epithelial cancer detection", Biomaterials., Vol. 29, 2008, pp. 2548-2555.

[10] A. Kaushik, P.R. Solanki, A.A. Ansari, B.D. Malhotra, S. Ahmad, "Iron oxide-chitosan hybrid nanobiocomposite based nucleic acid sensor for pyrethroid detection", Biochem. Engin. J., Vol. 46, 2009, pp. 132-140.

[11] C.J. Yang, L. Wang, Y. Wu, Y. Kim, C.D. Medley, H. Lin, W. Tan, "Synthesis and investigation of deoxyribonucleic acid/locked nucleic acid chimeric molecular beacons", Nucleic Acids Res., Vol. 35, 2007, pp. 4030-4041.

[12] K. Martinez, M.C. Estevez, Y. Wu, J.A. Phillips, C.D. Medley, W. Tan, "Locked nucleic acid based beacons for surface interaction studies and biosensor development", Anal. Chem., Vol. 81, 2009, pp. 3448-3454.

[13] S. Laschi, I. Palchetti, G. Marrazza, M. Mascini, "Enzyme-amplified electrochemical hybridization assay based on PNA, LNA and DNA probe-modified micro-magnetic beads", Bioelectrochem., Vol. 76, 2009, pp. 214-220.

[14] L. Wang, J. Bao, L. Wang, F. Zhang, Y. Li, "One‐pot synthesis and bioapplication of amine‐functionalized magnetite nanoparticles and hollow nanospheres", Chem. Eur. J.,Vol. 12, 2006, pp. 6341.

[15] A. Norouzian Baghani, A.H. Mahvi, M. Gholami, N. Rastkari, M. Delikhoon, "One-Pot synthesis, characterization and adsorption studies of amine-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles for removal of Cr (VI) and Ni (II) ions from aqueous solution: kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies", J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., Vol. 14, 2016, pp. 11.

[16] X. Mao, J. Jiang, X. Xu, X. Chu, Y. Luo, G. Shen, R. Yu, "Enzymatic amplification detection of DNA based on "molecular beacon" biosensors", Biosens. Bioelectron.,Vol. 23, 2008), pp. 1555.

[17] Y. Tan, M. Chen, Y. Hao, "High efficient removal of Pb (II) by amino-functionalized Fe₃O₄ magnetic nano-particles", Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 191, 2012, pp. 104-111.

[18] G.Y. Li, Y.R. Jiang, K.L. Huang, P. Ding, J. Chen, "Preparation and properties of magnetic Fe₃O₄-chitosan nanoparticles", J. Alloys Compd., Vol. 466, 2008, pp.  451-456.