راندمان سلول‌های سرتولی در مسیر اسپرماتوژنز: یک مطالعه ی مروری

فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری

دوره 16، شماره 2، اسفند 1402، صفحه 1-14   

نوع مقاله: مقالات مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/ascij.2023.1987939.1496

نویسندگان

محمدجاوید اکبریان¹؛ حسین عزیزی^{* 2}

¹گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

²گروه زیست نانوفناوری، دانشکده زیست فناوری، دانشگاه تخصصی فناوری‌های نوین آمل، آمل، ایران

چکیده

روزانه بیش از 100 میلیون اسپرم به وسیله دستگاه تولیدمثلی جنس نر تولید می‌شود که هدف نهایی آن تولیدمثل و باروری در جنس نر است. هنگام شکل­گیری جنین، سلول‌های زایا بدوی به بیضه­ها مهاجرت می‌کنند و به سلول‌های زایا نابالغ به نام اسپرماتوگونی تبدیل می‌شوند و سیر تکامل را تا تبدیل شدن به یک اسپرم بالغ طی می‌کنند که اصطلاحاً این سیر تکاملی اسپرماتوژنز نام دارد. اسپرماتوژنز صحیح و در نتیجه باروری موثر به عوامل مختلفی از جمله راندمان سلول‌های سرتولی بستگی دارد. حاصل مطالعات محققان نشان­دهنده رابطه مستقیم مورفولوژیک این سلول‌ها با سلول‌های زاینده است و اهمیت این سلول‌های سوماتیک درون لوله‌های اسپرم­ساز را به خوبی نشان می‌دهد. اولین بررسی­های ساختاری و احتمالات در رابطه با عملکرد این سلول‌ها به بیش از 150 سال پیش برمی­گردد. زمانی که انریکو سرتولی 23 ساله برای اولین بار ساختار این سلول‌های سوماتیک را مورد ارزیابی قرار داد. نتیجه سال­ها تحقیق و پژوهش محققان در رابطه با عملکرد و اثرات متفاوت این سلول‌ها کمک بسیاری در حوضه مطالعاتی ناباروری کرده است و همین امر موجب توجه بیشتر به مکانیسم‌های حاکم بر عملکرد صحیح فیزیولوژیک این سلول‌ها و واکاوی چرایی اختلال در آن گشته است تا شاید بتوان با درک بهتر ویژگی­ها و عملکرد سلول‌های سرتولی، گامی موثر جهت درمان اختلالات در باروری مردان برداشت .

کلیدواژه‌ها

سلول‌های سرتولی؛ اسپرماتوژنز؛ بیضه؛ سلول‌های سوماتیک

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