تجربه زیسته مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/ بیش فعالی: مطالعه پدیدار شناختی

روان‌شناسی فرهنگی زن

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 20 دی 1402

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سارا تقی زاده هیر¹؛ محمد نریمانی^{* 2}؛ سیف اله آقاجانی²؛ مهریار ندر محمدی³؛ سجاد بشرپور²

¹دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

²استاد، گروه روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

³استادیار، گروه روانپزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اردبیل، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تجربه زیسته مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/ بیش‌فعالی بود. جامعه آماری تمام مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/ بیش فعالی بود که در سال 1401 به بخش روانپزشکی بیمارستان فاطمی شهر اردبیل مراجعه کرده بودند. نمونه پژوهش 20 نفر از مادران بود که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. روش پژوهش کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با مشارکت مادران این کودکان گردآوری شد. داده‌ها به روش پدیدارشناسی توصیفی کلایزی (2002) تحلیل شد. یافته های حاصل از تجارب زیسته مادران در قالب پنج مضمون اصلی و نوزده فرعی طبقه بندی گردید. مضمون های اصلی شامل مسائل فردی کودک، مسائل خانواده، مسائل اجتماعی، فرهنگی و هیجانی، مسائل درمانی و مسائل مدرسه بودند. هم چنین نتایج به دست آمده از تحلیل تجارب زیسته مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به اختلال نقص توجه/ بیش فعالی حاکی از وجود مجموعه‌ای مشکلات از جمله تفاوت های فرهنگی و تجربیات وابسته به فرهنگ و میزان تحصیلات شرکت کنندگان اشاره کرد. دسته ای دیگر از این مشکلات به دلیل دانش کم مادران و محیط آموزشی است. مشکلات کودکان موجب اختلال در کارکرد طبیعی خانواده می شود و روابط اجتماعی ، فرهنگی و تعاملات آن ها را نیز تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. بنابرین آگاه سازی مادران از ماهیت اختلال و آموزش الگوهای تعاملی با این کودکان می تواند از مشکلات پیش رو در این خانواده ها جلوگیری کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اختلال نقص توجه/ بیش فعالی؛ تجربه زیسته؛ مادران

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